Unit 3 - AOS 2 - Acute responses to exercise

Question 1

Increased Respiratory rate

Answer 1

(Respiratory)
Number of breaths per minute

Question 2

Increased Tidal Volume

Answer 2

(Respiratory)
Volume of air breathed in per breath

Question 3

Increased Ventilation

Answer 3

(Respiratory)
Volume of air breathed in per minute
RR x TV = V

• avg of 12 breaths per minute

Question 4

Increased Venous return and how it is increased

Answer 4

(Cardiovascular)
The blood returning to the heart via the venous system

-
Muscle pump = muscles contract and surrounding veins pump blood back to the heart. (valves prevent backflow)
- Respiratory pump = abdominal pressure of the diaphragm empties blood in abdomen towards heart
- Vasoconstriction at organs - increasing venous return from muscles and towards heart

Question 5

Increased Oxygen Uptake

Answer 5

(respiratory)
Increased in the amount of oxygen that is taken in, transported and utalised for energy production

Question 6

Increased Pulmonary diffusion

Answer 6

(Respiratory)
Is the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the alveolar and their capillary interface

Question 7

Increased Heart Rate

Answer 7

(cardiovascular)
Number of beats of the heart per minute

Question 8

Increased Stroke Volume

Answer 8

(Cardiovascular)
Volume of blood pumped per beat of the heart

Question 9

Increased Cardiac output

Answer 9

(Cardiovascular)
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
HR x SV = Q

Question 10

Increased Venous return

Answer 10

(Cardiovascular)
The blood returning to the heart via the venous system

Question 11

Increased a-V02 Difference

Answer 11

(Cardiovascular)
The difference in the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood (to the muscles, *arteries) and venous (away from muscles, *veins) blood after being used in the muscles.

Question 12

Decreased Blood Volume

Answer 12

(Cardiovascular)
- Due to plasma loss
- Decreased ability to transport o2 rich RBC’s to working muscles (decreased performance)

• Sweating = Less plasma = Thicker blood

Question 13

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 13

(Cardiovascular)
The amount of pressure exerted from blood on the artery walls when the heart is contracting

Question 14

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 14

(Cardiovascular)
The amount of pressure exerted from the blood on the artery walls when the heart is relaxing

Question 15

Increased Motor unit recruitment

Answer 15

(Muscular)
The number and frequency of motor units recruited for muscle contractions.

• Consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates
• Either increasing the number of motor units stimulated
  OR
• By increasing the frequency of messages to arrive at the motor unit

Question 16

Increased Muscle Temperature

Answer 16

(Muscular)
The degree or intensity of heat present in muscles

Question 17

Increased Lactate

Answer 17

(Muscular)
Increase in lactate production last LIP

Question 18

Decreased energy substrate stores

Answer 18

(Muscular)
Depletion of CP, ATP, glycogen and triglycerides

Question 19

All the respiratory acute responses to exercise

Answer 19

• increased tidal volume
• increased respiratory rate
• increased ventilation
• increased oxygen uptake (VO2)
• increased pulmonary diffusion

Question 20

O2 deficit

Answer 20

Occurs due to the large time of the aerobic system
- I’m imbalance of demand and supply ( higher demand )
- anaerobic energy system utilised

Question 21

Steady state

Answer 21

O2 supply and demand are equal
- aerobic steady state ( little reliance on anaerobic )
- can only maintain steady state up until last point before lip

Question 22

Venous return increased by …

Answer 22

1. Muscle pump : muscles contract, surrounding veins pump blood back to ❤️. Valves in veins prevent back flow
2. Respiratory pump : abdominal pressure increases as diaphragm contracts, thus, emptying blood in thorax and abdomen towards ❤️
3. Vasoconstriction: reduces capacity of venous system pushing more blood towards ❤️

Question 23

Increased blood flow

Answer 23

• increased blood flow to working skeletal muscles
• vasodilation at muscles and vasoconstriction at organs

Increasing yield of ATP for aerobic system

Question 24

Increased muscular enzyme activity

Answer 24

• increased the rate of the chemical breakdown of CP, glycogen and fats.

More enzymes = faster rate of fuel source breakdown and there ATP hydrolysis

Question 25

All cardiovascular acute responses to exercise

Answer 25

• increased cardiac output
• increased stroke volume
• increased heart rate
• increased systolic blood pressure
• increased venous return
• increased a-VO2 diff
• increased blood flow
• decreased blood volume

Question 26

All muscular acute responses to exercise

Answer 26

• increased motor unit recruitment
• increased energy substrate depletion
• increased lactate levels
• increased muscle temperature
• increased muscular enzyme activity

Question 27

Two factors the can contribute to a large EPOC

Answer 27

• intensity : the higher the intensity the greater contribution thinks from the anaerobic systems and a higher EPOC
• duration : the shorter the duration the harder it is to achieve steady state