Unit 3 - AOS 1 - Practice Flashcards
3 stages of learning
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
Cognitive stage of learning
- beginner
- attention is on movement production and understanding the skill —> inconsistent performance
- haven’t developed error detection and correction capabilities
- rapid improvement
- blocked practice ( simple instructions )
Associative stage of learning
- beginner is starting to refine technique
- more consistent and less errors
- gradual and slower improvement
- can develop strategies to eliminate errors ( after detection )
- practice in a slightly more open environment and more massed nature
Autonomous stage of learning
- skills become automatic and performed without conscious thinking
- external focus ( attention elsewhere )
- developed anticipation
- Can detect own errors and correct them ( intrinsic)
- extremely low errors in performance
- practice in open and random environments
Define diminishing returns
Early improvement is rapid and as the athlete progresses the rate of improvement decreases
What do coaches need to consider when choosing practice type ?
- Maximise meaningful skill practice with the time available
- interest levels ( sense of when to move on to next skill )
- diminishing returns
- stage of learning
- time available (e.g professional - distributed and community - massed)
Practice types in terms of distribution
Distributed practice and massed practice
Distributed practice
Session within a week
Shorter more frequent sessions
- more suitable for professional athletes ( more time for sessions)
Within the training session
- suits continuous movements due to it being jntervalled practice
- less fatigue due to rest periods
- greater learner engagement
Massed practice
session within a week
Longer and less frequent sessions
- community and non professionals ( less time available for more frequent sessions )
within a training session
- more suited to descents movements
- repetitive movements can make it boring
- repetitive and less recovery time makes it mentally and physically fatiguing
Practice types in terms of practice variability
Blocked and random
Blocked practice
- same skill is practiced continuous without changing to a different task
- appropriate for cognitive ( still being practiced in a closed environment to focus on replicating movement )
- 50 basketball free throws
Random practice
- varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session
- most beneficial to associative and autonomous stage
- drill with multiple skills being performed ( game play)
Data in terms of practice variability
- blocked practice has higher performance during training period
- random practice e was seen to however have better learning and retention
Transfer practice
- practice that closely remesmbles the game
- results in the transfer of skills in training to in a game environment
- can be repetitive and get boring
Things feedback provides
- Motivation
- highlights skill errors
- provides positive reinforcement
