Unit 4 - AOS 1 - Health Related fitness components Flashcards
Aerobic Power
” The Max rate of energy production from aerobic energy system”
(VO2 Max -> is measure of athletes aerobic fitness and max volume of O2 consumption ml/kg/min)
Factors that effect it:
- Age ( peaks at 30, and may deteriorate after due to decrease Max HR, SV and extraction of O2 from muscles)
- Gender (males generally have a higher aerobic power due to ^ Q)
Muscular endurance
” The ability of a muscle or muscle group to do repeated contractions against a less-than-maximum resistance, for an extended period of time”
Factors effecting it:
- Lactic acid tolerance (Due to fuel depletion, metabolic by-products, thermoregulation)
- Muscle Fibre type (Fast twitch = high fatigue = low endurance capacity & slow twitch = low fatigue = high endurance capacity)
Flexibility
” The ability to move joints through their full range of motion”
Types:
- Static = range of motion in stationary conditions
- Dynamic = Resistance to motion in a joint
Factors effecting it:
- Joint structure (Type of joint determine number of directions of movement)
- Body & muscle temp ( ^ temp increases elasticity of muscles and thus improves flexibility of joints)
Body Composition
“The percentage of fat, muscle and bone in the body”
- Typically displayed as % of fat or % of lean body mass (LBM)
Fat Mass: essential fat and non-essential fat
Somatotypes
“Theory tat there are 3 basic body types”
1. Ectoderm (thin, flat chest, delicate build, tall lightly muscled)
2. Mesoderm (hard and muscular body, solid build, rectangular shape)
3. Endoderm (Soft body, underdeveloped muscles, round shape)
Muscular Strength
“The max amount of force that a muscle can exert against some form of resistance in a single effort”
Factors effecting it:
- Fiber arrangement (Force generated by muscle is related to cross sectional area of muscle)
- Fiber type (Fast and slow twitch fibres)
Vo2 max
A measure of an athletes aerobic fitness
Max volume of o2 consumption ml/kg/min
BMI
Categorises individuals into under, normal or overweight.
By weight(kg) / height (m2)
Fat free mass and fat mass
Fat free = bones, muscles, connective tissues, organs, teeth and water
Fat mass =
Essential fat - for body function normally and healthily ( certain amount is required )
Non essential fat - fat found in our adipose tissue
Isoinertial contractions
“Load or resistance against muscle is constant “
Type of isoinertial =
Concentric - muscle length decreases
Eccentric - muscle length increases
Isometric muscle contraction
Muscle length remains unchanged
Isokinetic muscle contraction
Resistance changes according to joint angle
( requires special machines like cyber to allow max contractions through full range of movement )
How does the muscle fibre arrangement effect the force of the contraction?
Force generated by muscle is related to the cross sectional area of muscle.
(Greater crossectional are = greater force)
Parallel fibre arrangement
“Fibres parallel to long axis of muscle and entire muscle shortens by same amount when fibres contract “
- suits faster, less forceful contractions
- eg. bicep
Convergent fibre arrangement
“Like a fan, spread over a broad area but all fibres converge at one common attachment site and pull in different directions “.
- eg. pectoralis major
Pennate fibre arrangement
“Form a common angle with the tendon and because muscle and cells pull at angle the muscle doesn’t move their tendon as far as parallel muscles do”
- contains more muscle fibres = increase tension produced
-eg. Multi-pennate= deltoid, bi-pennate= rectus femoris, Uni-pennate= Gastrocnemius
