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Sociology Of Sport > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is deviance?

A

Anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal
Not an insult, simply means being different or going against the norm

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2
Q

Can deviance be bad?

A

Yes for example a crime, murder, rape

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3
Q

Can deviance be banal?

A

Yes for example having pink hair

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4
Q

What are informal norms?

A

Actions that go against the norms but won’t put you in jail. Ex: not eating meat, having pink hair, being homosexual

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5
Q

What are formal norms?

A

Breaking the law or rules which can result in fines or jail
What we can or cannot do

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6
Q

What is social control?

A

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviours in ways that limit or punish deviance

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7
Q

What are negative sanctions?

A

A strange look or going to jail

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8
Q

What is a positive sanction?

A

Reward for not being deviant
Ex: being praised, getting a promotion

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9
Q

What is specific social control?

A

Penalties for specific rule violation

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10
Q

What is general social control?

A

Broader systems of meaning that remind us what we should or shouldn’t do

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11
Q

Why are people deviant?

A

Biological essentialism: because you want to look a certain way. They looked à things such as skin colour, jaw structure, body types

Psychological approach:deviant due to the result of improper or failed socialization which affects your psychology

Socialization: the process whereby an individual learns to adjust to a group and behave in manner approved by the group

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12
Q

What are the three important ideas that show the social part to play in deviance?

A

-Deviance varies according to cultural norms
-People are deviant because they are labelled as deviant
-Defining social norms involves social power

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13
Q

What is deviance varies according to cultural norms?

A

Nothing is inherently deviant
Deviance at one place can be a normal thing somewhere else
Deviance is not immoral or irrational, it’s the rational response to particular social conditions

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14
Q

What is people are deviant because they are labelled as deviant?

A

It’s society’s response that defines us
Can also be labelled deviant simply be belonging to a group, no action required

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15
Q

What is defining social norms involves social power?

A

Who is creating the rules
How are they implemented
Which idea are seen and displayed normal or common sense
A dominant group imposes norms

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16
Q

What does Durkheim say about deviance?

A

Deviance serves specific functions
- it helps define cultural values and norms
- society’s response to deviance clarifies moral boundaries
- these reactions bring society together
- deviance can encourage social change (feminism, LGBTQ, etc)

17
Q

Why is deviance in sport called tolerable deviance?

A

Because deviance in sport does not cause any real threat to the collective good (no real impact on society as a whole)
Sport is viewed as its own separate social world with its own rule violations

18
Q

When is deviance celebrated?

A

For example, during fights in hockey

19
Q

What are deviantized bodies?

A

When someone’s body is seen as otherness in a specific sport
Some bodies are seen as the norm while others are deviant
Ex: small people in basketball = deviant
Overweight person in gymnastics = deviant
People with physical disabilities = deviant

20
Q

What is deviance within a subculture?

A

There’s expected norms on how one goes about participating within that sport
Deviating from these norms result in expulsion from the subculture or other consequences

21
Q

What is the sport ethic?

A

Criteria of what it means to be a real athlete

22
Q

What are the four beliefs of being a real athlete?

A
  • make sacrifices
  • strive for distinction
  • accept risks
  • refuse limits

They feel the need to punch through pain and playing with injuries

23
Q

What is positive deviance?

A

Understanding and observing social expectations too well. Fully abiding to the sport ethic
Following the norms over-enthusiastically
Ex: making sacrifices until they sacrifice their health or accepting the risk of using PEDs or injuring another player

24
Q

What is ritualism?

A

When an athlete decides to follow the rules and not act in deviant behaviour
- would not injure someone
- playing by the rules

25
Q

What is a moral panic?

A

When something becomes defined as a threat to societal values and interests
Created usually by the media and sport organizations

26
Q

If performance enhancing is a deviant behaviour seen as new, with is the use of figs in Ancient Greece, stimulants in pedestrianism or stimulants during ultra marathons ok?

A

Those are seen as ok because there’s no moral panic attached to it

27
Q

Why are pain killers seen as a fluid drug?

A

Because it can be used depending on the context

28
Q

When are pain killers deviant?

A

When you use it to not feel pain, to get an edge on the competition, dismiss weakness

29
Q

When are pain killers not deviant?

A

When playing injured, playing through pain, sacrificing the body for injury

30
Q

What is WADA?

A

World Anti-Doping Agency established in 1999
Plays an active world in defining what constitutes cheating with respect to performance-enhancing products and practices
Main goal: create clean sports

31
Q

What is one of the biggest struggles for WADA?

A

Some drugs don’t last long in the body (can’t recognize them)
Some drugs exist that they don’t know about (always chasing new drugs)
The drug game changes way too quickly

32
Q

What are the issues with drug testing?

A
  • drug-testing protocols violate basic human rights as all athletes
  • seems to be no definition of what an equal playing field is or should be
  • programs in place tend to seek to do more than test for drugs; it tries to shape the identity of the athlete through discipline
33
Q

What are examples of deviance off the field of play?

A

When Crosby went to the White House after winning the Stanley cup even tho he was Canadian

When the NFL player took a knee during anthem to protest for black lives

34
Q

How can deviance be attached to gender?

A

Certain behaviours are constructed as deviance in relation to particular gendered expectations
Going against gender expectations

35
Q

What are deviantized sports?

A

When deviance is linked to participation in a particular sport
If a sport is unique or different, participants are automatically labeled as deviant
This is particularly true for risk sports
They are labeled as careless, irresponsible, foolhardy, someone with a death wish

36
Q

Out of the 2 mountaineers, why is the woman seen as deviant and not the guy when the same injury happened to both of them?

A

The woman is seen as deviant cuz she’s a woman
People said she’s a terrible mother because she left her kids behind

Sociology Of Sport (12 decks)

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