Unit 4

Question 1

Albert Bandura

Answer 1

Famous for developing the social learning theory and concept of self-efficacy. He created the Bobo doll experiment. A child had to witness researchers physically and verbally abuse an inflatable. Result: child replicated the same behavior.

Question 2

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

Performing a task that is personally rewarding to you

Question 3

Observational Learning

Answer 3

Learning by observing others

Question 4

Edward Thorndike

Answer 4

Created the law of effect. He researched the effects of reward and punishment.

Question 5

Fixed - interval schedule

Answer 5

Reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 6

Associative Learning

Answer 6

Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli or response and its consequences

Question 7

Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli together

Question 8

Shaping

Answer 8

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 9

Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 10

John Watson

Answer 10

Famous for the Little Albert experiment. Results: children can be conditioned to be afraid of previously neutral stimuli.

Question 11

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 11

A task that is being performed for the sake of a promised reward or to avoid punishment

Question 12

Negative Punishment

Answer 12

Taking away a certain desired after the undesired behavior happens in order to decrease future responses

Question 13

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 13

Unlearned, a naturally occurring stimulus.

Question 14

Punishment

Answer 14

A event that decreases behavior that it follows

Question 15

Negative Reinforcer

Answer 15

Anything that counteracts an unpleasant stimulus

Question 16

Variable - interval schedule

Answer 16

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Question 17

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 17

An originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a unconditioned response

Question 18

B.F. Skinner

Answer 18

Founder of operant conditioning. Believes that learning is caused by a promised reward or to avoid threatened punishment. Created the skinner box.

Question 19

Learned Helplessness

Answer 19

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 20

Discovered classical conditioning.

Question 21

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 21

The reappearance of a extinguished conditioned response

Question 22

Robert Rescorla

Answer 22

Connected behaviorism and predominant theory. Created the Rescorla-Wagner model

Question 23

Conditioning

Answer 23

Process of repeatedly pairing an unconditioned stimulus, which naturally produces an unconditioned response, with a neutral stimulus.

Question 24

Behaviorism

Answer 24

Theory that psychology can objectively studied through observable behavior