Chapter 1 & 2 Vocab Flashcards
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt survive, and flourish
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Biopsychosocial approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social - cultural levels of analysis
Developmental Psychology
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experiment
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who often provide medical (ex. drugs) treatments as well as psychological therapy
Hindsight Bias
Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. Also known as “I know it all along” phenomenon
Theory
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior or events
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Case Study
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Double - Blind Procedure
An experimental procedure in which both the research staff are ignorant/blind about whether the research participants have received the treatment or the placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation.
Correlation
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Dependent Variable
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
