Chapter 5 test Flashcards
Hallucinogen
Psychedelics; distorts perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Opiates
Opium and its derivatives. Such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and judgment
Depressants
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Barbiturates
Also known as Tranquilizers. Drug that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
Drug Tolerance
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effects
Psychoactive Drugs
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
Caffeine
A psychoactive drug and a stimulant.
Heroin
It’s an opiate; which is a depressant. It is extracted from the opium poppy flower. It can be injected, pill, patch, snorting, and smoking.
Cocaine
A powdery substance. It’s a stimulant. Cocaine is made from coca leaves. It can be taken by snorting or injecting. Cocaine can be lab or naturally made
Nicotine
A stimulant. It can be smoked or vaped. It’s a stimulant - this would excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
LSD
It has two effects on the body. It can either increase or decrease neural activity.
Morphine
A derivative of opiate. Also depresses neural activity. This in turn temporarily reduces pain and anxiety.
Alpha Waves
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Delta Waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Circadian Rhythm
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythm that occur on a 24 hour cycle. It regulates your sleep and temperature. For example, when you’re exposed to light; your brain produces less melatonin. When you are exposed to less light throughout the day your brain produces more melatonin to help you sleep.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Purpose of Sleep
Sleep protects, restores and rebuilds memories, and maintaining plasticity
Sleep Cycle
The four stages of sleep. There are four stages of sleep: Stage 1, 2, 3, and REM. During REM, your body is more active.
Sleep talking
Garbled or nonsensical talk
Narcolepsy
Uncontrollable sleep attacks, person randomly collapses into REM sleep
Night Terrors
A sleep disorder that causes the sleeper to wake from NREM sleep suddenly with feelings of extreme fear, agitation, or dread
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
A pair of grain-of-rice sized. 20,000 cell cluster in the hypothalamus that receive light input from the retina via the optic nerve and regulate the body’s circadian rhythms
Dissociation
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneous with others
Hypnosis
A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, behavior will spontaneously occur
Melatonin
A hormone that is produced by the brain to make you feel sleepier. It is produced throughout the day, but the brain produces less melatonin when light hits our eyes.
