Unit 3 Flashcards
Parts of the eye
Iris, Retina, Cornea, Optic Nerve, Rods and Cones, Pupil
Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects events
Retina
the light- sensitive inner surface of the eye containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
Absolute Threshold
The minimum stimulation need to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
Interposition
When an object overlaps with another object
Phantom Limb Sensation
A sensation that you feel from a body part that you no longer have.
Pupil
the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
Sense of taste
A chemical sense that exists for pleasure reasons. Some functions of basic tastes are: sweet - energy source, salty - sodium for psychological process, sour - potentially toxic acid, bitter - potential poison, and umami - proteins to grow and repair tissue
Transduction
Conversion of one form of energy into another in sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret
Cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
Linear Perspective
Parallel Lines appear to converge at a distance
Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
Phi Phenomenon
Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession
Lens
the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
Relative Motion
The perception of an observer that, as the observer moves forward, the objects that appear to them to move backwards faster closer than apparently slower - moving objects; a monocular cue
Sensory Adaptation
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
Visual Cliff
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
Principle of Similarity
We group similar things together
Olfaction
The sense of smell
Top - Down Processing
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
Nociceptors
A sensory receptor that responds to stimuli that are generally painful or detrimental to the organism. AKA pain receptors
Classic Gate Control Theory
Spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
Endorphins
Neurotransmitters are linked to reduced pain and increased pleasure. Released in response to external stimuli.
Iris
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity
Cochlear Implant
An electronic device designed to enable individuals with complete deafness to hear and interpret sounds
Optic Nerve
the nerve that carries neural impulse from the eye to the brain
Cornea
Outer covering of the eye
Subliminal Messages
When an audio or video is unconsciously telling us something
Sensation
The process by which sensory receptors receive information from the environment; includes vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch and the vestibular and kinesthetic senses.
Bottom Up Processing
Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information.
Selective Attention
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
