Chapter 4

Question 1

Hammer

Answer 1

Vibrates the eardrum

Question 2

Auditory Nerve

Answer 2

nerve which sends the auditory message to the brain via the thalamus

Question 3

Stirrup

Answer 3

Vibrates the eardrum

Question 4

Iris

Answer 4

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity

Question 5

Pupil

Answer 5

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Question 6

Cornea

Answer 6

outer covering of the eye. Bends light to provide focus

Question 7

Cochlea

Answer 7

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 8

Eardrum

Answer 8

tight membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves

Question 9

Optic Nerve

Answer 9

the nerve that carries neural impulse from the eye to the brain

Question 10

Fovea

Answer 10

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

the light- sensitive inner surface of the eye containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Question 12

Lens

Answer 12

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Question 13

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 13

diminished sensitivity as a consequence

Question 14

Difference Threshold

Answer 14

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experienced the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference.

Question 15

Bottom Up Processing

Answer 15

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory info.

Question 16

Absolute Threshold

Answer 16

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus

Question 17

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 17

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed somewhere else

Question 18

Selective Attention

Answer 18

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 19

Sensation

Answer 19

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Question 20

Top Down Processing

Answer 20

information processing guided by higher - level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Question 21

Perception

Answer 21

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events