Unit 3 topic 1 Flashcards
what does the process of digestion do?
breaks down the chemicals in the food into small, soluble molecules which then pass through the membranes into the blood vessels.
what is in the blood that we need for our body
there are chemicals called nutrients that circulate through the body to the cells where they are used for energy, growth, bodybuilding and cell repair.
What are the organic carbon-containing nutrients classified as?
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and vitamins
what is the main source of organic compounds?
green plants and animals modify others
what is iodine deficiency
it is where the thyroid gland gets swollen and usually occurs where sea products are not frequently eaten
what is the role of carbohydrates? and where can you get these sources?
the energy source for metabolism Rice grains potatoes and fruits
what is the role of nutrition for proteins? and where can you get these sources?
structural molecule for body and helps chemical reactions in body you can get this from: - meat - eggs -dairy products - legumes - and nuts
what is role of lipids in our body? and where can you get these sources?
Storage of unused chemical energy you can get this from: - vegetable oils - nut oils - some dairy products
what sources are referred to as minerals?
inorganic substances that are not destroyed by cooking or exposure to air are referred to as minerals
mineral requirments are distinguished by what?
the amount needed such as macro minerals or trace minerals
what are macro minerals?
100mg/day or more
what are trace minerals
less than 100mg/day
macro minerals and trace minerals are essential components in what?
enzymes
what are enzymes
are special protein molecules that regulate chemical reactions in living organisms
what are vitamins
large organic molecules that help the enzymes function
what is something the human body cannot make by itslef?
vitamins
how many elements occur in all living organisms
16
green plants require ____ different elements for proper growth and functioning. and humans at least-____
18;22
what is the role of calcuim in our body?
crucial in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and proper functioning of cell membranes, also forms bones and teeth
what is the role of phosphorus in our body?
promotes proper bone formation, regulates metabolism, forms compounds that store and release energy.
what is role of magnesium in our body?
component of bone and teeth essential to enzyme function helps regulate nerve activity
what is the role of sodium in our body?
helps regulate nerve impulses in nerves and muscles
what is the role of potassium in our body?
helps regulate neve signals and muscle activity involves in protein formation, required to regulate the acid/base balance.
what is the role of sulfur in our body?
is the basis of all proteins
what is the role of chlorine in our body?
helps regulate water balance and plays a role in proper cell membrane function, it is also the component of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
what is the role of iron in our body?
crucial part of red blood cells that regulate oxygen transport
what is the role of zinc in our body?
essential component of enzymes regulating protein and the formation of metabolism .
what is the role of iodine in our body?
major component of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism
what is the role of selenium in our body?
it helps prevent decay of cell function
what is the role of copper in our body?
helps regulate neve activity
what is the role of manganese in our body?
involves in bone formation and protein metabolism
what is the role of fluorine in our body?
helps regulate calcium deposition
what is the role of chromium in our body?
activates B3 to control the use of blood sugar in energy production
what is the role of molybenum in our body?
key component of three enzymes that regulate metabolism
what is the role of cobalt in our body?
provides B12 which helps regulate red blood cells
why are roots covered with tiny hairs called root hairs?
to increase the surface area for absorption
where do the minerals go when they reach the soil?
they dissolve in the water and are taken up and concentrated into the root hairs
in some cases what are root hairs able to do?
produce minerals concentrated up to 10 000 greater than the soil around them.
what does nitrogen do to plants
helps stem and leaf production
what does phosphorus do to plants
seed germination and root growth
what does potassium do to plants
flower and fruit production
are their disadvantages to the use and the overuse of nitrogen and and other fertilizers?
expensive
excess runoff into water systems
