Topic 5 cards Flashcards
why are proteins important for survival
they are the building blocks of cells and make enzymes, hormones, and they control how cells are formed and what they do
how does DNA play an important part in the making of proteins
DNA tells the cell how to make all the different proteins it needs
how many body cells do humans have and how many pairs
48 chromosomes and 23 Pairs each pair has one copy each chromosomes from ach parent
how many times in meiosis do the cell divide?
divides twice to make 4 sex cells (sperm or egg)
how many chromosomes do each cell have in gametes?
23 chromosomes 1/2 of the original chromosomes and no pairs
how does meiosis work perfectly?
because when the egg is fertilized with the sperm, their chromosomes join to make a zygote with 46 chromosomes
how does meiosis lead to genetic variation
the process of randomly dividing 23 pairs of chromosomes in half creates the possibility of 8.4 million different combinations of chromosome
how does transgenic (genetically modified ) work
human genes are added to the fertilized eggs of an animal. The offspring from these modified eggs grow up with the human gene and make lots of protein. Later on we will collect the protein from the animal.
such as milk from a cow
what are the potential disadvantages of biotechnology in aquaculture?
the changes made to the organism by humans may outcompete what they are naturally made to do. and may lead to messing up of their habits in the environment and may cause disadvantages
what are the potential disadvantages of biotechnology in agriculture
there are only a few varieties of modified plant species and they are often farmed so they lack diversity and may be wiped out by disease, insects or a change in the environment
what has happened to biotechnology in aquaculture
the people in the university of Newfoundland have added antifreeze to the gene of the fish, allowing the Canadian fishers to operate during the winter
