unit 3 stuff Flashcards
spain gave florida to the british
-french ousted from na
(terrirotry)
-land west of ohio valley river now belongs to gb
1763 royal proclamation
-us hadd to pay war reparations in taxes
pontiac’s rebellion
also paxton boys, basically just raided villages and killed the peaceful peeps cause they wanted land
native americans that were allied with french turn on the english
feared retribution or revenge from the english
english parliament pass proclamation line (proclamation of 1763)
colonists cannot settle west of the appalachian mountains but colonists wanted the land they fought for
cant have land because we’re giving it to the native americans
didn’t want another conflict like pontiac’s rebellion
effects of the f and i war
- navigation acts/laissez faire is beginning to be reduced, america is establishing itself with its commerce and goods, upset at the increasingly imposing acts gb is giving
context
french and indian war 1754-1763
part of the global conflict of the 7 years war
between the british and the french (who are allied with native americans)
territorial disputes in the ohio river valley between british vs. french were the cause of the war in the first place
common experience for all the colonists/americans
(want to unite and go against britain)
all felt slighted by british
colonists were not allowed to be promoted to officer ranks, they were treated differently not the same respect, being accused by the british for not fighting hard enough
fast forward to 1763, treaty of paris ends the war
spain ceded florida to the british
french were ousted from north america
spanish gained control of former french lands west of the mississippi
territory previously from french east of the mississippi was given to the British
7 years’ war
- navigation acts are being repealed
- english needed to pay off debt from french and indian war and decided to tax the colonies
-revival of mercantilism
also didn’t like the sugar act (revival of british control and admiralty courts)
townshend acts, more taxes on stuff
QUARTERING ACT - people were offended at the time because having a standing army during peacetime is stressful, they were forced to feed and house these british soldiers
also the british soldiers often competed with them for jobs
currency act - prohibited colonial assemblies from printing their own paper currency
meant that as tax revenue was rising, the money supply was restricted
colonists started to feel suffocated by the constant demands and acts - revival of mercantilism
also didn’t like the sugar act (revival of british control and admiralty courts)
townshend acts, more taxes on stuff
QUARTERING ACT - people were offended at the time because having a standing army during peacetime is stressful, they were forced to feed and house these british soldiers
also the british soldiers often competed with them for jobs
currency act - prohibited colonial assemblies from printing their own paper currency
meant that as tax revenue was rising, the money supply was restricted
colonists started to feel suffocated by the constant demands and acts
british argued colonists had virtual representation
boycotts, nonimportation agreements were so effective that the stamp act was repealed
groups like the son/daughter of liberty took matters into their own hands (making own goods)
edenton tea party, basically bunch of women were like no more buying tea from england
boston massacre
tea act w boston tea party
colonists vs britain
tea party, ran by sons of liberty (politically pretty radical)
already talking about independence
british parliament passed intolerable act/coercive acts after boston tea party
force colonists into submission
dismantled the massachusetts legislature (massachusetts government act)
also forced all trials of colonists to go back to england so went against their jury by their peers thing (administration of justice act)
boston port act closed the boston harbor
another quartering act
taxation without representation
- the enlightenment impact of liberty
-reliance on the colonies as sufficient - common sense, consent of the governed
- want representation
philosophical foundations of the AR
- during the revolution there were people for independence and non independence
farmers didn’t care
immigrants loyal to british
rich want independence want to get out of mercantilism and get out there with trade
women were able to support the troops → more liberties
slaves were able to support the troops, for independence
british also offer enslaved african americans independence if they help them
we win w support with french
french have navy
british have no money and finally surrender
advantages of british
had money, had army, had navy, loyalists, maybe slaves- promised freedom for those who fought
disadvantages
lack of motivation, fighting across an ocean so small supply lines, foreign countries getting in the way (cough) france
advantages of colonists
home turf, tons of people/artisans willing to fight
after battle of saratoga, france was like heck yeah
battle of yorktown is where english surrender
disadvantages
had no money, no supplies, not lots of industries in making stuff
congress couldn’t levy taxes, so continental army was eh (seen at valley forge where peeps almost starved to death)
AR
- expansion of civil liberties
- debate on the us identity, varied perception on inequality
- new role for women that would lead to republicaan motherhood-uplift the men, debated who would have voting rights
- enlightened thinkers likee montequie and locke, 3 branches of govt!
influence of revolutionary ideals
- articles of confederation with just a congress
there for foreign affairs
managing the land that aren’t states
dealing with indian americans
northwest and land ordinances
set up the process to admit new states into the union
northwest ordinance of 1787
basically set up how new territory would become states, reach a certain population 60k, and then they could apply and be treated like any other state
allowed northwest territories to organize their own governments
northwest territory was gonna be free, no slaves
brought up the question “are new states gonna be slave or free?”
articles of confederations fail
no way for states to pay back debt, no unity, no common defense , NO TAXES because states refused to pay up
they were a unicameral legislature, a lot of the power went to the states
inflation/ debts and no way to get money
SHAY’S REBELLION (1786-1787)- basically shay was a farmer and didn’t like massachusett rule of paying upfront and was gonna lose his farm so he rallied a bunch of peeps and started rebelling
government couldn’t really intervene cause it was a state issue, showed weakness of articles
articles of confederation
causes annapolis convention
revise articles
can’t revise, gonna write new constitution
imposed federalism
system that has a federal national govt w national powers and states that have their own powers
federal has power over foreign affairs, interstate trade, war (delegated powers)
state has marriage laws, education (reserved powers)
concurrent powers that they both have like taxing
in the constitution there are separation of powers, checks and balances
amendment process to update the constitution
IMPORTANT SUPREME COURT CASE (MARBURY VS MADISON)- basically court was like we have judicial review and can say if this law is consistent with the constitution (1803), kinda out of the time period but doesn’t matter, declared judicial act (with the midnight judges) unconstitutional
while drafting the constitution, federalist debate emerges
needed a compromise, feds liked system as it was, anti-feds did not like it → no protection for individual rights or civil liberties
james madison came up with the bill of rights (anti-fed stuff)
grants civil liberties or individual freedoms and protects them
first ten amendments are ratified right away
Feds also wrote papers called THE FEDERALIST
⅗ amendment- ignored slavery like idiots again
great compromise where there a bicameral legislature
first had come up with the virginia and new jersey plan where virginia was like yes big states and new jersey plan was like yes small states and then came the great compromise
rep based on population, house of reps
constitutional convention/ratification
- whiskey rebellion
farmers in western pennsylvania
govt was wrongfully taxing them
Proved the new power in the constitution, because they struggled putting down shays’s rebellion without a federally organize militia with the articles of confederation
under the articles of confederation, there was shays rebellion
rebelled against massachusetts government bc it allowed banks to confiscate farms
farms cant pay mortgages bc they were fights revolution
shays rebellion showed the aoc wasn’t gonna work
HOWEVER, whiskey rebellion WAS put down by a militia, run by federal govt
washington rides in with the troops
all of these farmers raise the question of what is an american → what is the identity of an american and what kind of society are we gonna have
still no change in social hierarchy
rich people own land
men can vote
farmers own land and plantation farmers were competition
women have no rights
still slavery
society did not change
shaping a new republic
Slavery Stuff
although slavery is talked about more in unit 6, some stuff is mentioned about slaves
during revolution, British tried to get slaves on their side by saying they will free them if they join
⅗ compromise
slaves obviously couldn’t vote
northern states had a gradual emancipation law, basically the offspring and children of slaves could become free
Cotton gin in the SOuth gave even more reliance on slave trade
constitution bans more slaves after 20 years
publication of “The interesting narrative of the life of olaudah equiano” freed slave in 1790
war w indians in the ohio valley
indiana are defeated in exchange to be left alone → pattern that repeats
had a bunch of treaties which they violate later like the treaty of greenville and the battle of fallen timbers
treaty of fort stanwix with iroquois
washington was to stay neutral with the good of trade
proclamation of neutrality gets a lot of flack from the democrats
pinckney’s treaty 1795
US with Spain, basically after the revolution, the territory of florida that belongs to spain and US was disputed so Thomas Pinckney (1796) got a treaty with spain that defined some stuff
US can use mississippi river for commercial shipping
Florida is still spanish
Established border between us and spanish florida
spanish agreed so easily because they thought we were buddy buddy with england after jay’s treaty
Jay’s treaty 1794
highly backlashed against jay cause it seemed like the terms of the treaty really only benefited the british
the british after the war would secretly give weapons to different groups like the shawnee, miami and delaware and kept their troops in the US ? why idk?
they also stole cargo from sthips and took slaves
Treaty said:
no compensation for damaged cargo or lost slaves
british will withdraw after 18 months
american planters still have to pay back debts
limited trading rights for british in the west indies
john adams is elected next, also a fed
dealing with french
xyz affair where the french ambassadors wanted bribes from american ambassador before talking
adams practices neutrality, waits it out
also leads to a quasi-war with the french
feds in congress pass aliens and sedition act, john adams (pretty unconstitutional)
lengthened the time to naturalize as a citizen seen as anti-immigrant
second alien act made it easy for people to be deported
citizen genêt
seen by democratic republican as a hit against them
basically prevented people from talking shit about the government
encourages insurgency to be considered illegal
More random shit to know
scot- irish and german migration is especially prevalent, they often set up their own little communities, often went to pennsylvania, moved a lot to urban areas as well for work
kentucky and virginia practiced nullification act
election of 1800
developing a us identity
washington was to stay neutral with the good of trade
proclamation of neutrality gets a lot of flack from the democrats
pinckney’s treaty 1795
US with Spain, basically after the revolution, the territory of florida that belongs to spain and US was disputed so Thomas Pinckney (1796) got a treaty with spain that defined some stuff
US can use mississippi river for commercial shipping
Florida is still spanish
Established border between us and spanish florida
spanish agreed so easily because they thought we were buddy buddy with england after jay’s treaty
Jay’s treaty 1794
highly backlashed against jay cause it seemed like the terms of the treaty really only benefited the british
the british after the war would secretly give weapons to different groups like the shawnee, miami and delaware and kept their troops in the US ? why idk?
they also stole cargo from sthips and took slaves
Treaty said:
no compensation for damaged cargo or lost slaves
british will withdraw after 18 months
american planters still have to pay back debts
limited trading rights for british in the west indies
Federalists were like, it is what it is, it’s the best we can get
movement in the early republic
society has minor changes, drastic change for manifest destiny and westward expansion
continuity/change
presidents of unit 3
- George Washington (1789-1797)
Won unanimously, sets the precedent of the cabinet and two terms
Conflict of getting involved with the FR Rev or not
Hamilton’s financial plan > “Funding at par”, assumption of debt, excise tax, BUS
Farewell Address - John Adams (1797-1801) (Federalist)
Federalists v Democratic Republicans
Feds: Support constitution, scared of mob rule, elitists, pro govt, pro BR (good for trading, good for the economy), weaker interpretation of Constitution
Reps: More for the people and the middle class, agrarian, weaker govt, pro FR. strict interpretation, no banks, no tariffs
first continental congress
did not talk about independence, just want to be considered first class british citizens
nonimportation agrees, more boycotts, how will we get the message across to the british
committee of safety, making sure that people were following their nonimportation, nonexportation, nonconsumption policies
allowed massachusetts to start stockpiling weapons for its militia
when the british realized → lexington & concord
continental congress 2
one last ditch effort to issue the olive branch commission
for king george to understand that colonists don’t want indepence
king g hires hessian mercenaries instead
also drafted the thing about the rights of arms (making weapons)
also declaration of independence was written during this
appoint george washington as head for continental army
continental army
washington appointed the general
patriots/ nathaniel green/ henry knox and a bunch of other people that helped out like marquis de lafayette
declaration of indepence
1st & 2nd continental congress
