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Module 5- PEDI > UNIT 3 SKIN > Flashcards

UNIT 3 SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Inflammatory reaction of the skin after contact with a irritant or allergen

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic management of contact dermatitis?

A
  1. Rinse affected area
  2. Medicatons
  3. Skin patch testing
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3
Q

What topical medications can be used for contact dermatitis?

A
  1. Corticosteriods (hydrocortisone)
  2. Lotions (calamine)
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4
Q

What oral medications can be used for contact dermatits?

A
  1. Antihistamines (benadryl)
  2. Steriods
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5
Q

How do we treat diaper dermatitis?

A
  1. Changing the diaper as soon as soiled
  2. Expose bottom to air
  3. Apply zinc oxide or petroleum ointment
  4. Wipes that are detergent and alcohol free
  5. Cornstarch powders
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6
Q

How do babies get diaper dermatitis?

A
  1. Babies skin comes into contact with the chemicals of the diaper and urine and feces mix… and this causes this…

It is an inflammation response due to an irritant or allergic response

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7
Q

What should we know about using cornstarch powders as a treatment for contact dermatitis?

A

Safe if put on hand and patted on

Tal can be dangerous if inhaled

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8
Q

What should we know about desatin ointment for the treatment of diaper dermatitis tx

A
  1. Make sure area is clean, gently rinsing then apply the cream… “well covered”
  2. You do not have to remove the old cream as it serves as a barrier
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9
Q

True or false: Skin infections can be viral, bacterial and fungal?

A

True

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10
Q

What is atopic dermatitis (exzema)?

A

Chronic replapsing inflammatory skin disorder it is a result of genectic factors, enviromental agents

Result of genetic factors, enviromental agent

Majority have family history of eczema, asthma, food allergies (genetic link)

Symmetrical involement– location is important

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11
Q

Ezema (atopic dermatitis) in infants is typically seen where?

A
  1. Face
  2. Inside elbows
  3. Behind knees
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12
Q

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is typically seen where?

A
  1. Antecubital and popliteal area
  2. Neck
  3. wrists
  4. feet
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13
Q

How does eczema (atopic dermatitis) present in adolescents?

A

Lichenificaiton— leather like

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic managment of eczema?

A
  1. Hydrate the skin (tepid or colloid bath)
    • Emollient application immediately after bath
  2. Relieve pruritus
    • Colloid bath, cool wet comressess, topical corticosteriods, oral antihistamines
  3. Reduce inflammation
    • Topical corticosteroids
    • Non-sterodial immunomodulator creams
  4. Prevent or control secondary infections
    • Short/clean nails
    • Antibiotics
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15
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

A harmless chronic, recurrent, inflammatory reaction of skin

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16
Q

When is seborrheic dermatitis most common?

A

Early infancy “cradle cap”

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17
Q

With seborrheic dermatitis “cradle cap” how does it present?

A

Thick, yellowish, scaly, oily patches that may or may not be pruritic

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18
Q

How do we treat seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Shampoo daily
1. Allow the shampoo to sit for crusts to soften
2. Rince
3. Fine-tooth comb or soft brush to remove loosened crusts

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19
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Common BACTERIAL skin infection that is HIGHLY contagious

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20
Q

What bacteria is highly associated with impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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21
Q

Impetigo is most common on what part of the body?

A

Face around mouth–> spreads peripherally by DIRECT CONTACT

Can be itchy

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22
Q

Impetigo can lead to what kidney disorder?

A

Glomlurlarnephritis secondary to impetigo

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23
Q

What education should we provide a child/parent that has impetigo

A
  1. No school or daycare– contagious… can return 24 hours after starting antibiotics
  2. Handwashing before and after touching an infected area
  3. Seperate the childs clothes and linens and wash in hot water
  4. Keep fingernails short and clean (decrease infection)
  5. You gcan gently remove crusts but do not pick
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24
Q

True or false: Impetigo can be a primary or secondary infection?

A

True

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25
Q

How do we treat impetigo?

A
  1. Small areas can be treated with topical bacterial/ointments like Mupirocin (bactroban)
  2. Widespread infections can be treated with penicillin
  3. Gentle cleansing of crusted area
  4. Dont rupture blisters can increase the risk of a secondary infection
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26
Q

What are some nursing interventions for Impetgio?

A
  1. Institute strict contact precautions
  2. Strict hygiene practices
  3. Educate familly and visitors on necessary precaustion to prevent spread of infections
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27
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Bacterial infection caused typically by staph, strep, hib

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28
Q

What are symptoms of cellulitis?

A
  1. Inflammation with intense redness
  2. pain
  3. swelling and firm inflitration
  4. warm to touch
  5. lymphangitis “streaking”
  6. Possible systemic affects (fever, malaise)
  7. Swollen regional lymph nodes
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29
Q

What makes cellulitis an opportunistic infection?

A
  1. Any area of broken skin
  2. Immunocompromised diabetics
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30
Q

True or false: Cellulitis is contagious?

A

False

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31
Q

How do we treat cellulitis?

A
  1. Antibiotics– oral (because infection is deeper into tissue)
  2. Elevation, immobilization
  3. pain relievers and antipyretics
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32
Q

What is dermatophytosis-tinea?

A

AKA “ringworm”

It is a fungal infection that lives on, Not in the skin or nails

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32
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Ring work on the head

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33
Q

How is tinea capitis spread?

A
  1. Person to person
  2. Animal to person
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34
Q

True or false: Hairloss from tinea captis is permenant?

A

False

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35
Q

What oral medications are used to treat tinea capitus?

A

Grisofulvin or tervinafine

Grisiofulvin is the most common and might be used along witha topical creame as well.
Make sure to take as prescribed. It is recommended to be taken with high fat foods for better absorption and less GI upset

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36
Q

What shampoo might be used for tinea captis treatment?

A
  1. Selenum sulfide shampoo (antifungal)
  2. Used 2-3 tx per week. Apply to the scalp and let sit for at least 5-10 mins. for atleast 2 weeks
  3. Can cause severe drying and has a strong smell
37
Q

What is a Kerion?

A

Ringworm that extends deeper into the tissue… will cause scarring

38
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

Ringworm of the body

39
Q

How is tinea corporis spread?

A
  1. Usually by infected pet
  2. Can be human, soil or fomites?
40
Q

What are the symptoms of tinea corporis?

A
  1. Begins as a small lesion that enlarges, leaving a scaly patch
  2. Center usually clears leaving the “ring” apperance
41
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

‘Jock itch”

42
Q

What are the symptoms of tinea cruris?

A
  1. Pruritic
  2. Medial proximal aspect of the thigh/crural fold (may involve the scrotum in males)
43
Q

How is tinea cruris treated?

A

Local application of antifungal creams

44
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Athletes foot

45
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea pedis?

A
  1. Pruritis
  2. Lesions on plantar surface of foot, between toes
46
Q

How can you get tinea pedis?

A
  1. Shower
  2. Swimming pool
  3. Mosit environment
47
Q

How do we treat tinea pedis?

A
  1. Local application of antifungal creams
  2. Oral antifungals
  3. Soaks with burrow solution– contains aluminum acetate
48
Q

What education can we provide to help with treatment/prevention of tinea pedis?

A
  1. Shower shoes
  2. Well ventilated shoes
  3. Light socks
  4. Airflow to the feet is important
49
Q

How do you get lyme disease?

A

You get bit by a tick infected w/ Borrelia Burgdoferi

50
Q

What are s/s of lyme disease?

A
  1. Rash “bulls eye” common but not always present
  2. Fatigue
  3. Cognitive decline
  4. Fever accompanied by headache
  5. Sensitivity to night and light visions
  6. Disturbance in sleep in combonation with night sweats
  7. Neuro problems
  8. Skin outbreaks
  9. Heart problems
  10. Mood swings
51
Q

How/when does lyme disease present?

A
  1. Can present 3 to 30 days after bite
  2. if it is left untreated the bacteria can migrate to other parts of the body and become severe. It will settle into the nerbous system
  3. Usually a firm discrete nodule at site
52
Q

When removing a tick make sure….

A

You remove the entire tick

53
Q

How is lyme disease diagnosed?

A

Blood test + symptoms

54
Q

How long after a tick bite should you observe a person?

A

30 days

55
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

Important that I know these meds

A

If lyme disease is suspected or if it has been confirmed with lab test
1. A single dose of antibiotic
- ** Doxycycline for children older than 8 **
- ** Amoxicillian or ceftrioxime for children older than 8 **
2. If confirmed lyme disease and/or for more severe cases of lyme diseases longer antibiotics may be ordered

56
Q

What are ways we can prevent lyme disease?

A
  1. Water repellant
  2. Check for ticks daily
  3. Showers soon after being outdoors
  4. Call for doctor if you get a rash or fever esp. if you know you have had a tick bite
57
Q

What is Sarcoptes Scabiei?

A

Scabies-Scabies is a skin infestation w/ a microscopic mite

57
Q
A
58
Q

How is scabies transmitted?

A
  1. Spread by direct contact w/infected person (prolonged)
59
Q

What is the lifespan of a scabies mite?

A
  1. The mite can live up to 1-2 months on a person and up to 48-72 hours off of a person
  2. The mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs. The time between infestation and symptoms presenting is 30-60 days
  3. All people in contact w/someone who has scabies will need to be treated
60
Q

What are symptoms of scabies?

A
  1. Severe pruritis
  2. Small lesions develope into blisters usually on hands, wrists, feet or ankles.
  3. Burrow tracts— presents w/rash
61
Q

How do we treat scabies?

A

Treatment will need to include the entire family and anyone who has been in close contact with the infected person

Medication
1. Scabicide- Permethrin (Elimite)
2. Lotions
3. Tpoical steriod for itch
4. Antibiotics for secondary infections

62
Q

What should we teach familys about scabicide (permethrin- Elimite) administration?

A

Applied to the entire body chin down…under the nails and needs to be left on for atleast 8-14 hours. Best applied at night and removed in the morning with shower.

63
Q

What education should we provide to a family treating scabies?

A

Wash clothes seprately in HOT water. Any items that cannot be washed place in tied bag for 48-72 hours to suffocate them

64
Q

What is peiculosis capitus?

A

Head life— very common, parasitic infection. The lice feed off of the blood supply on the scalp. Lice tend to be very abudnant as they hatch eggs contantly

65
Q

How is head lice (pediculosis capitus) transmitted?

A
  1. Person to person (very common in school-aged children)
  2. Object to person
  3. NOT CARRIED BY ANIMALS
66
Q

What is the life span of pediculosis capitus (head lice) and what do they look like?

A
  1. Small, grayish-tan wingless insects
  2. Visible
  3. Can live up to 2 days away from a human host
  4. Life span of a female is 1 month
  5. Use claws to hold to hair shaft
67
Q

How do we treat head lice (pediculosis capitus)?

A
  1. Medicated shampoos (prometrin)
  2. Mechanical removal of nits (MUST DO)
  3. Wash all linens
  4. Vaccum/dry clean non laundry items
  5. Repeat treatment in 7 days
  6. Treat secondary infection as needed
68
Q

What are symptoms of head life?

A
  1. Small red lesions
  2. Itchy scalp
69
Q

Where do lice like to hide?

A
  1. Behind ears
  2. Around the nap of the neck

but can be anywhere

70
Q

What is acne vulgaris (acne)?

A

It is an overgrowth of P.acnes it is a common skin problem in adolesents. Thought to have a genetic link

71
Q

Comedome formation can be….

A

Open (whitehead)
Closed (back head)

72
Q

What are the causes of acne vulgaris?

A
  1. Hormones,
  2. cosmetics,
  3. exposure to oils,
  4. possible link to dairy
73
Q

How do we treat acne vulgaris?

A
  1. General health promotion
  2. Gentle cleansing, hair and scalp hygiene
  3. Oil-free make-up
  4. Keep your hands off
  5. Lotions and creams
74
Q

What medications can be used to help treat acne vulgaris?

A
  1. Retinoids
  2. Topical antibacterial agents
  3. Systemic antibiotics
  4. Oral contraceptives
75
Q

If a patient is using topical creams for the treatment of acne vulgaris what should we educate them on?

A

Avoid sun or use sunscreen when outside.

76
Q

What specific areas guide our treatment of burns? 3 major areas

A
  1. Extent- Total body surface area (TBSA)
  2. Depth
  3. Severity
77
Q

In terms of extent of burns what tools can we utilize to determine the extent?

A

Rules of nine burn scale
Lund browder brun scale

78
Q

What are the 3 “depth categories” in burns?

A
  1. Superficial (1st degree)
  2. Partial thickness (2nd degree)
  3. Full thickness (3rd and 4th degree)
79
Q

Severity of a burn depends on the….

A
  1. Percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned
  2. Location
  3. Child’s age
  4. General health
80
Q

What layer of skin does a suferfical 1st degree burn effect, what is its appearance and is sensory intact?

A
  1. Comparable to a really bad sunburn.
  2. Destruction of the epidermis only.
  3. Sensor intact (painful)
81
Q

What layer of skin does a partial thickness (2nd degree) burn effect, what is its appearance and is sensory intact?

A
  1. Red and moist blisters
  2. Destruction of the epidermis and some of the dermis
  3. Blisters w/in mins
  4. Sensory intact
82
Q

What layer of skin does a full thickness (3rd or 4th degree) burn effect, what is its appearance and is sensory intact?

A

3rd degree
1. Destruction of the epidermis, the dermis and the underlying subq tissue
2. Skin will apear charry black
3. May have visible veins involved
4. Sensory not intact

4th degree
1. effects All layers plus fasha and muscle & bone
2. Sensory not intact

83
Q

What s/s might you have with a superficial burn?

A
  1. Painful
  2. No edema
  3. Redness
  4. blanches with pressure
84
Q

True or false: Most accidental burns are a mixture of degrees?

A

True

85
Q

What s/s might we see with a partial thickness burn?

A
  1. Blistered
  2. Moist
  3. Painful
86
Q

What s/s might we see with a full thickness burn

A
  1. Dry
  2. Discolored
  3. No pain
87
Q

Care of a minor burn includes?

A
  1. Apply cold compress/cold rinse. NO ICE
  2. Analgesia
  3. Cleanse with soap/water-avoid friction
  4. Tetanus– Wound infection caused by a bacterial infection. If pt is up to date with immunization this is something to consider
  5. Antimicrobial ointment
  6. Loose clothing
  7. Sunburn- Apply moisturizer
88
Q

What is our primary concern with burns?

A

Airway managment and smoke inhalation

89
Q

Care of a moderate and severe burn includes?

A
  1. Assess, maintain airway, oxygen
  2. Large bore IV access/fluids
  3. Observe closely for s/s shock
  4. Pain management
  5. Wound care/ escharotomy (removal of eschar)
  6. Nutritional support
  7. Skin and musculoskeletal care
  8. Emotional/Psychosocial support
90
Q
A

Module 5- PEDI (25 decks)

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