UNIT 1 NUTRITION/LANGUAGE/SLEEP/PLAY Flashcards
What is the feeding schedule like for an infant in the 1st 6 months?
On Demand Schedule
1. Establish own feeding schedule
2. Feeds until satisfied
3. Easy temperament babies may need more planned schedule
What milk is the most optimal for an infant?
Breast Milk
What are the benefits of breastmilk?
- Personalized for the baby and always available
- Affordable
- Breast cancer incidents are lower in women who have breastfed
- Protects child later on from diabetes, allergies, obesity
What are some keys to breastfeeding success?
- Hydration
- Diet
- Lactation Specialists
What is the nurse’s role in promoting breastfeeding?
- Promote skin to skin
- Monitor diet/meds– educate accordingly
- Promote frequent and early breastfeeding within the 1st hour of life and beyond
- This will help moms body to know to release colostrum…Which is the 1st little bit of milk the mother produces.
Why is colostrum so good for a newborn?
It is rich in immunoglobulins and vitamin K. It also has a high amount of protein. Where as mature milk is high in fat
What techniques might we tell the mother to try when bottle feeding?
Hold in a side lying position to feed. Esp. if baby is premature and they don’t have the suck, swallow, breath pattern down.
What are things we can educate parents about regarding bottle feedings?
- Techniques
- Equipment
- Positions
- Preparation of formula***
- Feeding schedules (demand vs. scheduled)
- Behaviors during feeding
When can a baby have whole milk and why?
Not until end of the 1st year because it is deficient in components needed for optimal growth
Babies need digestible fat for proper neuro development. Whole milk is less digestible
When can a baby have Skim (low-fat) milk if the parents prefer this over whole?
At the end of the second year as it does not contain enough fatty acids for the 1st 2 years
When are babies ready for solid foods?
4-6 months
4 months if the baby is hungry all the time. but keep in mind the extrusion reflex
6 months is optimal
In what order should we introduce solid foods?
- Iron Fortified cereal
- Fruits & Vegetables
- Meat
- Eggs and cheese at 12 months
Each food should be introduced separately for 4-7 days to rule out allergies
True or False: It is okay to mix foods in the bottle
False- it is depriving baby of certain textures and learning reflexes
What should we know about Iron supplements?
- During 3rd trimester unborn baby stores iron in the liver
- Increased bioavailability of iron in human milk
- Infants who are partially or not breastfed should receive iron fortified formula from birth to 12 months old
- Exclusively breast fed babies will need iron supplements after 4 months of breastfeeding due to a decrease in moms supplies
When is iron best given to a baby?
- Between meals for greater absorption
- Can stain teeth
- Stool will turn Tary green and blackish in color
What should we know about nutrition in toddlers?
- Physiologic anorexia and food jabs may occur
- Quality over Quantity
- No more than 1 quart of milk per day can lead to dietary deficiencies
What should we know about nutrition in preschool years?
- 3-4 years- continue to see food jags; strong taste preferences
- By age 5– starting to be interested in in the social aspects of eating
- 5-6 years– beginning to try new foods if encouraged to help prep
What should we know about school-age children and nutrition
- Quality of the child’s diet depends on family’s pattern of eating
- Sugars, starches and easy availability of high-caloric “junk food” do not promote growth.
- Nutrition education important at this age
What should we know about nutrition in the adolescent years?
- Puberty marks the beginning of accelerated growth
- Nutrition requirements for iron, calcium, zinc and Protein doubled
- Fast foods; influence of peer groups
From birth to 4 months how do infants communicate?
Crying
1-3 months: Cooing and babbling
2 months: social smile
3 months: squeal
4 months: LOL
How are infants trying to communicate at 6 months?
Imitates actions & Sounds
How are babies trying to communicate at 9-10 months
- comprehends the word “no”
- Obey simple commands
How are babies trying to communicate at 10-12 months?
Begins to ascribe meaning to words such as mama and dada
How are babies trying to communicate at 12 months
1-2 words with meaning
How are children trying to communicate at 15-24 months
- Recognizes familiar names & objects
- Point to object in picture when named
- By 2 years of age uses two-word sentences “all gone”
How are 3 years communicating with us?
1.Telegraphic speech
2. Sentences 3-4 words
3. Talks alot but not always clearly
How are 4 year olds communicating with us?
- Asking questions is at its peak
- why, where, when, how
How are 5 year olds communicating with us?
- Story tellers
- Funny to use “naughty words”
- Stuttering in preschool years- thoughts come faster than words
How many hours will an infant in the 1st 6 months sleep?
14-17 hours- swaddling; morning and afternoon nap
What are the ABC’s for infant sleep?
A- Sleep Alone
B- On their backs with no blankets or beeding
C- In a crib and cool (70 degrees)
S- In a smoke free environment
What does a safe sleep environment look like?
- Alone
- No secondhand smoke
- No pillows, stuffed animals, toys or bumper pad
- If a blanket is used, it is tucked in and only as high as the baby’s chest
- No heavy or loose blankets
- Crib sheets fit tightly over mattress
- On firm mattress
- In a safe, infant bed.
- Not too hot
- On his back
- Feet to foot
What are SIDS factors related to pregnancy?
- drug use/smoking
- Poor prenatal care
- Low maternal age
- Prematurity or low birth weight
- Multiple births/twins
What are SID factors related to care?
- Overheating the infant
- Soft pillows/bedding
- Prone sleeping position
- Co-sleeping
Other
1. 2 or more SIDs victims in family
2. Winter months
How many hours of sleep should a toddler get? and what else is important regarding sleep at this age
12-14 hours
Afternoon naps until age 3
Firm limits
bedtime rituals
transitional object
How many hours of sleep should a preschool child get? And what else is important regarding sleep at this age?
Avg. of 12 hours of sleep
Naps begin to go away
Immature logic leads to belief in ghosts, monsters
Nightmares & Night terrors
How many hours of sleep should a school-aged child get and what else is important regarding sleep at this age?
Avg. 9 1/2 hours depending on activity level
May walk or talk in sleep
How many hours of sleep should a adolescent child get and what else is important regarding sleep at this age?
About 9 hours of sleep
Melatonin hormone starts producing about 2 hours later than adults
Adolescent brain
What are the 6 stages of play?
- Unoccupied play (0-3 months)
- Solitary play (0-2 years)
- Spectator/onlooker behavior (2 years)
- Parallel play (2+ years)
- Associate play (3-4 years)
- Cooperative play (4+ years)
What is unoccupied play?
0-3 months
When baby is making movements with their arms, legs, hands, feet, etc. They are learning about and discovering how their body moves
What is solitary play?
0-2 years
When a child plays alone and are not interested in playing with others quite yet.
What is spectator/onlooker behavior play?
2 years
When a child watches and observes other children but will not play with them
What is parallel play?
2+ years
When a child plays alongside or near to others but does not play with them
What is associate play?
When a child starts to interact with others during play, but there is not much cooperation required
What is cooperative play?
When a child plays with others and has interest in both the activity and other children involved in playing
Injury preventions in infants include?
- Suffocation
- Drowning
- MVA
4.SIDS - Aspiration
- Bodily harm/burns
- Falls
- Poisoning
Injury prevention in toddlers include?
- unintentional injuries- leading cause of death
- Childproof environment
Injury prevention in preschool kids include?
- Poisoning
- Pedestrian- motor vehicle injuries
- Proper care restraints
- Protective equipment (helmets,pads)
Injury prevention in school-age children includes?
- MVC
- Bicycle injuries
- Appropriate safety equipment for all sports
Injury prevention in adolescent children includes?
- MVC
- Accidental injuries
- Homicide
- Suicide
- Adolescent brain
