UNIT 1 NUTRITION/LANGUAGE/SLEEP/PLAY

Question 1

What is the feeding schedule like for an infant in the 1st 6 months?

Answer 1

On Demand Schedule
1. Establish own feeding schedule
2. Feeds until satisfied
3. Easy temperament babies may need more planned schedule

Question 2

What milk is the most optimal for an infant?

Answer 2

Breast Milk

Question 3

What are the benefits of breastmilk?

Answer 3

1. Personalized for the baby and always available
2. Affordable
3. Breast cancer incidents are lower in women who have breastfed
4. Protects child later on from diabetes, allergies, obesity

Question 4

What are some keys to breastfeeding success?

Answer 4

1. Hydration
2. Diet
3. Lactation Specialists

Question 5

What is the nurse’s role in promoting breastfeeding?

Answer 5

1. Promote skin to skin
2. Monitor diet/meds– educate accordingly
3. Promote frequent and early breastfeeding within the 1st hour of life and beyond
   
   • This will help moms body to know to release colostrum…Which is the 1st little bit of milk the mother produces.

Question 6

Why is colostrum so good for a newborn?

Answer 6

It is rich in immunoglobulins and vitamin K. It also has a high amount of protein. Where as mature milk is high in fat

Question 7

What techniques might we tell the mother to try when bottle feeding?

Answer 7

Hold in a side lying position to feed. Esp. if baby is premature and they don’t have the suck, swallow, breath pattern down.

Question 8

What are things we can educate parents about regarding bottle feedings?

Answer 8

1. Techniques
2. Equipment
3. Positions
4. Preparation of formula***
5. Feeding schedules (demand vs. scheduled)
6. Behaviors during feeding

Question 9

When can a baby have whole milk and why?

Answer 9

Not until end of the 1st year because it is deficient in components needed for optimal growth

Babies need digestible fat for proper neuro development. Whole milk is less digestible

Question 10

When can a baby have Skim (low-fat) milk if the parents prefer this over whole?

Answer 10

At the end of the second year as it does not contain enough fatty acids for the 1st 2 years

Question 11

When are babies ready for solid foods?

Answer 11

4-6 months
4 months if the baby is hungry all the time. but keep in mind the extrusion reflex

6 months is optimal

Question 12

In what order should we introduce solid foods?

Answer 12

1. Iron Fortified cereal
2. Fruits & Vegetables
3. Meat
4. Eggs and cheese at 12 months

Each food should be introduced separately for 4-7 days to rule out allergies

Question 13

True or False: It is okay to mix foods in the bottle

Answer 13

False- it is depriving baby of certain textures and learning reflexes

Question 14

What should we know about Iron supplements?

Answer 14

1. During 3rd trimester unborn baby stores iron in the liver
2. Increased bioavailability of iron in human milk
3. Infants who are partially or not breastfed should receive iron fortified formula from birth to 12 months old
4. Exclusively breast fed babies will need iron supplements after 4 months of breastfeeding due to a decrease in moms supplies

Question 15

When is iron best given to a baby?

Answer 15

1. Between meals for greater absorption
2. Can stain teeth
3. Stool will turn Tary green and blackish in color

Question 16

What should we know about nutrition in toddlers?

Answer 16

1. Physiologic anorexia and food jabs may occur
2. Quality over Quantity
3. No more than 1 quart of milk per day can lead to dietary deficiencies

Question 17

What should we know about nutrition in preschool years?

Answer 17

1. 3-4 years- continue to see food jags; strong taste preferences
2. By age 5– starting to be interested in in the social aspects of eating
3. 5-6 years– beginning to try new foods if encouraged to help prep

Question 18

What should we know about school-age children and nutrition

Answer 18

1. Quality of the child’s diet depends on family’s pattern of eating
2. Sugars, starches and easy availability of high-caloric “junk food” do not promote growth.
3. Nutrition education important at this age

Question 19

What should we know about nutrition in the adolescent years?

Answer 19

1. Puberty marks the beginning of accelerated growth
2. Nutrition requirements for iron, calcium, zinc and Protein doubled
3. Fast foods; influence of peer groups

Question 20

From birth to 4 months how do infants communicate?

Answer 20

Crying
1-3 months: Cooing and babbling
2 months: social smile
3 months: squeal
4 months: LOL

Question 21

How are infants trying to communicate at 6 months?

Answer 21

Imitates actions & Sounds

Question 22

How are babies trying to communicate at 9-10 months

Answer 22

1. comprehends the word “no”
2. Obey simple commands

Question 23

How are babies trying to communicate at 10-12 months?

Answer 23

Begins to ascribe meaning to words such as mama and dada

Question 24

How are babies trying to communicate at 12 months

Answer 24

1-2 words with meaning

Question 25

How are children trying to communicate at 15-24 months

Answer 25

1. Recognizes familiar names & objects 2. Point to object in picture when named 3. By 2 years of age uses two-word sentences "all gone"

Question 26

How are 3 years communicating with us?

Answer 26

1.Telegraphic speech 2. Sentences 3-4 words 3. Talks alot but not always clearly

Question 27

How are 4 year olds communicating with us?

Answer 27

1. Asking questions is at its peak 2. why, where, when, how

Question 28

How are 5 year olds communicating with us?

Answer 28

1. Story tellers 2. Funny to use "naughty words" 3. Stuttering in preschool years- thoughts come faster than words

Question 29

How many hours will an infant in the 1st 6 months sleep?

Answer 29

14-17 hours- swaddling; morning and afternoon nap

Question 30

What are the ABC's for infant sleep?

Answer 30

A- Sleep Alone B- On their backs with no blankets or beeding C- In a crib and cool (70 degrees) S- In a smoke free environment

Question 31

What does a safe sleep environment look like?

Answer 31

1. Alone 2. No secondhand smoke 3. No pillows, stuffed animals, toys or bumper pad 4. If a blanket is used, it is tucked in and only as high as the baby's chest 5. No heavy or loose blankets 6. Crib sheets fit tightly over mattress 7. On firm mattress 8. In a safe, infant bed. 9. Not too hot 10. On his back 11. Feet to foot

Question 32

What are SIDS factors related to pregnancy?

Answer 32

1. drug use/smoking 2. Poor prenatal care 3. Low maternal age 4. Prematurity or low birth weight 5. Multiple births/twins

Question 33

What are SID factors related to care?

Answer 33

1. Overheating the infant 2. Soft pillows/bedding 3. Prone sleeping position 4. Co-sleeping Other 1. 2 or more SIDs victims in family 2. Winter months

Question 34

How many hours of sleep should a toddler get? and what else is important regarding sleep at this age

Answer 34

12-14 hours Afternoon naps until age 3 Firm limits bedtime rituals transitional object

Question 35

How many hours of sleep should a preschool child get? And what else is important regarding sleep at this age?

Answer 35

Avg. of 12 hours of sleep Naps begin to go away Immature logic leads to belief in ghosts, monsters Nightmares & Night terrors

Question 36

How many hours of sleep should a school-aged child get and what else is important regarding sleep at this age?

Answer 36

Avg. 9 1/2 hours depending on activity level May walk or talk in sleep

Question 37

How many hours of sleep should a adolescent child get and what else is important regarding sleep at this age?

Answer 37

About 9 hours of sleep Melatonin hormone starts producing about 2 hours later than adults Adolescent brain

Question 38

What are the 6 stages of play?

Answer 38

1. Unoccupied play (0-3 months) 2. Solitary play (0-2 years) 3. Spectator/onlooker behavior (2 years) 4. Parallel play (2+ years) 5. Associate play (3-4 years) 6. Cooperative play (4+ years)

Question 39

What is unoccupied play?

Answer 39

0-3 months When baby is making movements with their arms, legs, hands, feet, etc. They are learning about and discovering how their body moves

Question 40

What is solitary play?

Answer 40

0-2 years When a child plays alone and are not interested in playing with others quite yet.

Question 41

What is spectator/onlooker behavior play?

Answer 41

2 years When a child watches and observes other children but will not play with them

Question 42

What is parallel play?

Answer 42

2+ years When a child plays alongside or near to others but does not play with them

Question 43

What is associate play?

Answer 43

When a child starts to interact with others during play, but there is not much cooperation required

Question 44

What is cooperative play?

Answer 44

When a child plays with others and has interest in both the activity and other children involved in playing

Question 45

Injury preventions in infants include?

Answer 45

1. Suffocation 2. Drowning 3. MVA 4.SIDS 5. Aspiration 6. Bodily harm/burns 7. Falls 8. Poisoning

Question 46

Injury prevention in toddlers include?

Answer 46

1. unintentional injuries- leading cause of death 2. Childproof environment

Question 47

Injury prevention in preschool kids include?

Answer 47

1. Poisoning 2. Pedestrian- motor vehicle injuries 3. Proper care restraints 4. Protective equipment (helmets,pads)

Question 48

Injury prevention in school-age children includes?

Answer 48

1. MVC 2. Bicycle injuries 3. Appropriate safety equipment for all sports

Question 49

Injury prevention in adolescent children includes?

Answer 49

1. MVC 2. Accidental injuries 3. Homicide 4. Suicide 5. Adolescent brain