Unit 1 TRENDS IN GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What are some examples of Quantitative growth?
Occurs in spurts
1. Height
2. Weight
3. Number of Teeth
In what order does qualitative developments normally happen?
Simple to complex
example: Scribble –> Letters –> words
What is qualitative development?
Combination of growth, maturation, and learning
How is qualitative development measured by?
Observation
Birthweight _____ at 6 months?
Doubles
Birthweight ____ at 12 months?
Triples
Birthweight ____ at 30 months?
Quadrupled
Height increases by how much per month?
1/2 - 1 inch per month
At what age can you double a child’s height for a prediction of their adult height?
2 years old
typically higher for males and lower for women
Directional trends are ______ and ______
Bilateral and symmetrical
Each side develops in the same direction and rate
What does cephalocaudal mean in terms of directional trends?
Growth from head to toe
- motor control: head –> head –> trunk –> extremities
What does proximodistal mean in terms of directional tredns?
Growth occurs from near to far
- Motor control: over arm before fingers
What does sequential trend mean?
Predictable sequence in growth and development
Example: Crawl –> stand –> walk
Example: Babble –> words –> sentence
At what age is the grasping reflex present?
Fine Motor
2-3 months but at this age they still cannot hold objects
At what age is the palmar grasp present?
Fine Motor
6 months
At what age can a child transfer objects between hands?
Fine Motor
7 months
At what age is the pincer grasp present?
Fine Motor
10 months
At what age can a child put/remove objects from container
Fine Motor
11 months
At what age can a child try to build a tower of two blocks?
Fine Motor
12 months
At what age is head lag present?
Gross motor
1st 2 months
When does a child start to have head control, able to sit if propped up, rolls from back to side at what age?
Gross motor
4 months
At what age do children start to roll from abdomen to back?
Gross motor
5-6 months
At what age can a child sit unsupported?
Gross motor
8 months
At what age can a child move from prone to sitting position?
Gross motor
10 months
Increased coordination of extremities occurs at what age?
4 months
Crawling usually occurs at what age (usually backward 1st)?
6-7 months
At what age does creeping occur?
9 months
At what age can a child walk with assistance?
11 months
At what age can a child walk alone?
12 months
True or False: Each child develops at their own pace but typically males mature faster?
False- While each child does develops at their own pace women mature faster
How should we weigh infants?
Nude with a clean diaper
Make sure to never turn your back and always have one hand on child while weighing
What is recumbent length?
Laying supine
What ages ranges do we do recumbent length for?
Birth- 2 years
How should we position a child in order to get a recumbent length?
Head in midline, grasp knees together- push until fully extended and flat and measure between marks
At what age do we get a child’s height/stature?
Children over 2
How should we position a child in order to get an accurate height?
Shoes off, stand tall and straight, head in midline, line of parallel vision, back to wall stadiometer
Characteristics of appearance in infancy
(Weight and height)
1-6 months
- 1 1/2 pounds per month
6 months
- double birth weight
12 months
- Triple birth weight
Characteristics of appearance in toddlers ? (height and weight)
4-6 pounds per year
quadruple birth weight by 30 months
Characteristics of appearance in preschoolers (height and weight)
4-6 pounds per year
slender, graceful, agile as compared to the toddler
little difference in general physical appearance of boy and girls.
Characteristics of appearance in school-age children (height and weight)
4-6 pounds per year
will almost double in weight grow 2”/year
girls usually grow faster than boys during this stage
When does the adolescent growth spurt happen in girls? and how much do they typically grow?
9 1/2 - 14 1/2 years
Height: 2-8” over adolescence
Weight: 15-55 lbs over adolescence
When does the adolescent growth spurt happen in males and how much do they typically grow?
10 1/2 to 16 Years
Height: 4-12” over adolescence
Weight: 15-66 pounds over adolescence
What is prepubescence and when does it begin?
Start of physical changes prior to puberty.
Starts approximately 2 years before puberty
When is postpubescence?
1-2 years after 1st period
This is also when skeletal growth is complete
What are the 1st sign of puberty in boys and girls?
Girls: Development of breast
Boy: Enlarged testes
How does the adolescent brain mature?
From back to front
- 1st areas controlling vision, hearing, touch, spatial (reason) processing
- next, areas that coordinate functions
- last, executive functions
- planning, setting priorities, organizing thoughts, suppressing impulses, weighing consequences.
