UNIT 3. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS

Question 1

The concept of science was enunciated in…? And by..?

Answer 1

1939, by Alexandre Koyré

Question 2

Alexander Koyré defend the …

Answer 2

nuova scienza

Question 3

After WWII the scientific revolution was widely shared by…? With what books?(2)

Answer 3

R.Hall - The Scientific Revolution
T.Kuhn - The Structure of scientific Revolution

Question 4

In 1450 and 1550 the humanists turned towards antiquity to:

Answer 4

1. • Draw inspiration
2. • Recovery original knowledge
3. • Purify the texts (“Arabs unpurify”)

Question 5

Who appropriated, recreated, enriched and expanded the scientific and philosophical legacy?

Answer 5

The Arabs

Question 6

In 500 and 1500 the scientific and philosophical legacy was translated to..? by?

Answer 6

Latin by the schools of southern Europe (that have contact with Islam)

Question 7

The scientific and philosophical legacy was taught in 500 and 1500 in..

Answer 7

universities

Question 8

In 500 and 1500 was establish the basis of later…

Answer 8

medical and biological knowledge

Question 9

Medieval theology had been forged in the…

Answer 9

Aristotelian mold

Question 10

The Aristotelian mold made compatible the..

Answer 10

concept of nature (physics) and the existence of God

Question 11

The Christians consider the scienza nuova a…

Answer 11

space of encounter between philosophers and European scholars

Question 12

The two major transformations in knowledge are…

Answer 12

• Macrocosm
• Microcosm

Question 13

The Vesalian Revolution is the…

Answer 13

static conception of anatomy

Question 14

The Vesalian Revolution is based on..

Answer 14

observation of corpses.

Question 15

The Vesalian Revolution is solidistic and architectural vision of the human body which describe in relation to:

Answer 15

• Upper/ Lower
• Medial / Lateral
• Anterior / Superior

Question 16

The Vesalian Revolution is the form of the…

Answer 16

body, isolated from function

Question 17

The Vesalian Revolution contribute to science at…

Answer 17

• Beginning of the descriptive anatomy
• Creation of chairs of anatomy
• Anatomical theaters
• Vesalian movement

Question 18

The Copernican Revolution consist of ..

Answer 18

Changing the Earth to the Sun as the center of the Universe.

Question 19

The Copernican Revolution meant…

Answer 19

1. The Earth moves and rotate around the Sun.
2. The sun rules the cosmos, occupying the central position.

Question 20

Changes in natural philosophy:

Answer 20

1. Increasing questioning of the principle of authority, of Aristotelianism and Galenism.
2. Criticism of speculative knowledge (skepticism) and primacy of sensory perception as a criterion of truth (empiricism).
3. Consensus on the need for experiments as a procedure to confirm or refute theories
4. Usefulness of mathematics as an instrument of measurement and analysis

Question 21

The Republic of Letters of 1550-1750 is based on…

Answer 21

handwriting correspondence.

Question 22

What where the academies?

Answer 22

The Royal Society and L’Académie Royale des Sciences.

Question 23

When and whose were the emergent scientific journalism?

Answer 23

1666. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,Journal des Sçavants.

Question 24

Revolution = …

Answer 24

Sudden change

Question 25

What revolution occurs in 1531?

Answer 25

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.

Question 26

What revolution occurs in 1687?

Answer 26

Principia Mathematica.

Question 27

What revolution occurs in 1789?

Answer 27

Traité Élémentaire De chimie.

Question 28

The revolution of S.Shapin in 1996 points out:

Answer 28

1. The existence, at the time, of multiple lines of research and the lack of a unitary programme.
2. The existence of multiple ‘scientific revolutions’