U.11 A NECESSARY EVIL: ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION Flashcards

1
Q

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the experimental method was consolidated also in…

A

pharmacology and other science.

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2
Q

At the same time the experimental method was consolidated it began the…

A

debate about cruelty animals

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3
Q

The debate about cruelty animals was the:

A
  • Beginning of the protectionist movement and appearance of the first societies against vivisection.
  • First protectionist legislation.
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4
Q

During the first half of the twentieth century, there was a strong…..

A

increase in the use of animals in laboratories.

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5
Q

During the first half of the twentieth century, it come the improvement of…

A

conditions and refinement of techniques.

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6
Q

In the biological reagent of animal experimentation depending on the…

A

subject of study, animals capable of a reliable and reproducible answer.

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7
Q

The animal experimentation is base on…

A
  1. Transferring the results of experiments from one species to another.
  2. Existence of an infinity of experimental models in animals that can be applied to humans.
  3. Lack of a perfect model of animal experimentation applicable to humans.
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8
Q

What is define as study of diseases?

A

Pathology

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9
Q

What is define as non-invasive techniques?

A

Clinical diagnosis

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10
Q

What is define as mechanism of action of drugs, toxicology, etc..?

A

Pharmacology

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11
Q

What is define as transgenic food?

A

Agro-food

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12
Q

What is define as physical and genetic mapping, identification of disease-causing genes?

A

genomic research

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13
Q

In bioethics the Movements against animal experimentation question the ….

A

morality and legitimacy of the experiments.

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14
Q

The ethics and legal aspects make a limitation about the..

A

number of animals sacrified and of pain.

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15
Q

The suffering animals, is opposition to discrimination of a …

A

living being according to its belonging to a particular species.

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16
Q

It condemns vivisection, but believes that some experiments with animals may be acceptable if…

A

the benefit outweighs the damage caused. (difficulties in defening benefits)

17
Q

Most current regulations are inspired by the three Rs:

A
  • REDUCE
  • REFINE
  • REPLACE
18
Q

Reduce talks about…

A

minimizing number of animals used.

19
Q

Refine talks about…

A

improve breeding, housing and care, as well as eliminate or minimize pain, suffering and distress of laboratory animals.

20
Q

Replace talks about…

A

prioritize procedures that do not involve the use of living animals.