Unit 3 Review: Health and Survival of Organisms review

Question 1

What are the three types of adaptations? Give two examples of each

Answer 1

structural (external adaptations that help organisms survive)- camouflage, mimicry

behavioral (actions by organisms that help them survive)- species travel in packs/ animals hunt in the dark

Physiological (internal adaptations that help organisms survive) - enhanced senses/shivering or sweating

Question 2

What are the steps that scientists follow when creating and conducting scientific investigations?

Answer 2

identify a problem
think of questions

form a hypothesis and plan to test it

develop models and prototypes

collect data

analyze results

communicate results

Question 3

Why do the offspring of 2 parents never look identical to the parents? Give 2 examples of this in nature

Answer 3

Offspring receive genetic information from each parent. (23 chromosomes from each)

ex: eye color, hair color, height

Question 4

function of mitochondria

Answer 4

makes ATP energy for cells in a process called cellular respiration

Question 5

function of nucleus

Answer 5

the control center of cell the contains DNA

Question 6

function of chloroplasts

Answer 6

makes glucose for cells in a process called photosynthesis

Question 7

function of ribosomes

Answer 7

makes protein for cell

Question 8

function of ER

Answer 8

overall- transports proteins

Question 9

the function of the Golgi body

Answer 9

packages proteins in vesicles for jobs and functions

Question 10

function of cell membrane

Answer 10

Let things in and out of the cell

Question 11

function of cell wall

Answer 11

provides structure and support for plant cells.

Question 12

what organelle controls the traits that organisms will have

Answer 12

Nucleus contains DNA and genetic info

Question 13

What does homozygous mean?
give genotype example

Answer 13

2 of the same alleles

ex: HH or hh

Question 14

independent and dependent variables

Answer 14

independent- what you intentionally change in an experiment

dependent- response to what you change

Question 15

How can you differentiate between independent and dependent in an experiment

Answer 15

independent- “if” in a hypothesis

dependent- “then” in a hypothesis

Question 16

gene

Answer 16

section of a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait

Question 17

chromosomes

Answer 17

A DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material

Question 18

inherited traits

Answer 18

characteristics of organisms that are inherited from parents

Question 19

allele

Answer 19

a different form of gene

Question 20

How are chromosomes, genes, alleles, and inherited traits common

Answer 20

On chromosomes are genes. Genes form alleles. All this inherited info comes from parents.

Question 21

Where are genes found

Answer 21

on a section of a chromosome (multiple found on a chromosome)

Question 22

What happens to organisms with favorable traits vs those with unfavorable traits

Answer 22

favorable traits help organisms survive longer and pass genes to offspring (allow for adaptation to change with environment)

unfavorable traits die out (not suitable for changing environment)

Question 23

What does heterozygous mean

give examples

Answer 23

alles are different

ex Bb

Question 24

what is DNA made of up

Answer 24

proteins

Question 25

When we see organisms that produce multiple offspring at a time, why are those not identical?

Answer 25

It is all probability of what traits each offspring will inherit.

It shows a potential for a percentage

“One offspring does not affect the phenotype of another offspring. In a similar way, the outcome of a coin toss does not affect the outcome of other coin tosses” (textbook)

Question 26

How are punnett squares different than pedigrees

Answer 26

Punnett square- using probability to determine offspring genotypes if parent genotypes are known (look forward)

Pedigree- model showing inherited traits/ can also determine genotypes of family members across generations. (look backwards)

Question 27

Be able to explain Natural Selection in Detail ***

Answer 27

Ok

Darwin’s finches

Peppered Moths