Unit 3 Review: Health and Survival of Organisms review Flashcards
study study study
What are the three types of adaptations? Give two examples of each
structural (external adaptations that help organisms survive)- camouflage, mimicry
behavioral (actions by organisms that help them survive)- species travel in packs/ animals hunt in the dark
Physiological (internal adaptations that help organisms survive) - enhanced senses/shivering or sweating
What are the steps that scientists follow when creating and conducting scientific investigations?
identify a problem
think of questions
form a hypothesis and plan to test it
develop models and prototypes
collect data
analyze results
communicate results
Why do the offspring of 2 parents never look identical to the parents? Give 2 examples of this in nature
Offspring receive genetic information from each parent. (23 chromosomes from each)
ex: eye color, hair color, height
function of mitochondria
makes ATP energy for cells in a process called cellular respiration
function of nucleus
the control center of cell the contains DNA
function of chloroplasts
makes glucose for cells in a process called photosynthesis
function of ribosomes
makes protein for cell
function of ER
overall- transports proteins
the function of the Golgi body
packages proteins in vesicles for jobs and functions
function of cell membrane
Let things in and out of the cell
function of cell wall
provides structure and support for plant cells.
what organelle controls the traits that organisms will have
Nucleus contains DNA and genetic info
What does homozygous mean?
give genotype example
2 of the same alleles
ex: HH or hh
independent and dependent variables
independent- what you intentionally change in an experiment
dependent- response to what you change
How can you differentiate between independent and dependent in an experiment
independent- “if” in a hypothesis
dependent- “then” in a hypothesis
gene
section of a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait
chromosomes
A DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material
inherited traits
characteristics of organisms that are inherited from parents
allele
a different form of gene
How are chromosomes, genes, alleles, and inherited traits common
On chromosomes are genes. Genes form alleles. All this inherited info comes from parents.
Where are genes found
on a section of a chromosome (multiple found on a chromosome)
What happens to organisms with favorable traits vs those with unfavorable traits
favorable traits help organisms survive longer and pass genes to offspring (allow for adaptation to change with environment)
unfavorable traits die out (not suitable for changing environment)
What does heterozygous mean
give examples
alles are different
ex Bb
what is DNA made of up
proteins
When we see organisms that produce multiple offspring at a time, why are those not identical?
It is all probability of what traits each offspring will inherit.
It shows a potential for a percentage
“One offspring does not affect the phenotype of another offspring. In a similar way, the outcome of a coin toss does not affect the outcome of other coin tosses” (textbook)
How are punnett squares different than pedigrees
Punnett square- using probability to determine offspring genotypes if parent genotypes are known (look forward)
Pedigree- model showing inherited traits/ can also determine genotypes of family members across generations. (look backwards)
Be able to explain Natural Selection in Detail ***
Ok
Darwin’s finches
Peppered Moths
