Unit 1-Cells Flashcards
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What are the 3 main points of cell theory?
- All cells come from other cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All organisms are made up of cells.
Who are the co-founders of cell theory?
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
- No nucleus.
- Simple and small.
- Single-celled.
- Example: Bacteria.
- What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
- Have a nucleus.
- More complex and can be multicellular.
- DNA in the nucleus.
- Examples: Plants and animals.
What structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
- Cell wall.
- Chloroplasts.
- Large vacuoles.
What structures are present in animal cells but not in plant cells?
- No cell wall.
- Small vacuoles.
- No chloroplasts.
- Irregular/round shape.
What is the role of ATP in the mitochondria?
A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell, created when mitochondria break down food.
What is the difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?
- Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins.
- Smooth ER has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
What is the function of the rough ER?
- It has ribosomes on its surface.
- Produces proteins and transports them.
What is the function of mitochondria?
- Break down food to release energy.
- Generate ATP (energy molecule).
- Powerhouse of the cell.
Q: What pigment is found in chloroplasts, and what is its function?
A: Chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A:
- Packages proteins.
- Prepares proteins for transport in and out of the cell.
Q: What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?
A: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light into energy (glucose).
Q: What are the two main types of cells?
A:
1. Prokaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryotic cells.
Q: What is the function of the vacuole in plant and animal cells?
A:
- Storage of materials like water, nutrients, and waste.
- Larger in plant cells to maintain shape.
Q: What are ribosomes, and where can they be found?
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
Q: What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?
A: Lysosomes digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Q: What structure supports and protects plant cells?
Cell wall
Q: What is the function of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?
- Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Provides structure and protection.
Q: What is cytoplasm, and what does it do?
A: The gel-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles in place.
Q: What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do?
- Provides structural support to the cell.
- Helps in cell movement and division.
Q: What is the function of the nucleus?
- Controls cell activities.
- Contains DNA, which holds genetic information.
Q: What is the difference in vacuole size between plant and animal cells?
- Plant cells have a large central vacuole.
- Animal cells have small, often multiple vacuoles.
Q:** What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
A: Produces ribosomes.
Q: What is the role of the smooth ER in lipid synthesis?
A: The smooth ER synthesizes and processes lipids (fats) and detoxifies toxins.
What is a prokaryotic cell
one-celled organism with no nucleus
What is a Eukaryotic cell
A cell containing a nucleus
What are the main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic-
DNA is one long circular molecule
simple
no nucleus
Eukaryotic
DNA is linear
complex
contains a nucleus
Know definitions of all organelles from the Review
yes
What two organelles tie within each other and how?
Chroloplast +Mitochondria
Chrolorplast fuels the glucose to make energy
Mitochondria uses glucose to make energy
Know a diagram for a cell
yes
What is homeostasis
state of balance and maintaining a constant internal temperature.
give 2 examples of homeostasis
When you are cold, you shiver to get back to normal temp.
When you are hot you sweat to cool to normal temp.
Describe what is happening internally when plants wilt
There is not enough water in the vacuole
causing the cell
to lose pressure,
rigidity,
structure within a cell.
What is the primary difference between the structure and function of the cell wall and that of the cell membrane?
Cell Wall- provides support and is rigid
Cell membrane- lets substances in and out of the cell and is flexible
What are the Standard SI Units for Mass, Volume, and Distance
Mass- grams
Distance- meters
Volume- Liters
What are three things to consider when thinking and writing a Hypothesis?
- If IV, then the DV format
must be testable
the topic is specific enough to be tested (containing IV and DV)
Hypothesis def.
questions that can be tested through experiments
Theory def.
explanation based on prior experiments (can change over time)
what keyword tells you if something is a theory
explanation
Law def.
rules known in science from patterns in nature (Just tell us)
how are hypothesis, theory, and laws alike?
They all explain processes in science
Indepedent def.
what you change in an experiment
dependent def.
result to what you change in an experiment
Control
things that are the same in an experiment
