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Science > Unit 1-Cells > Flashcards

Unit 1-Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main points of cell theory?

A
  1. All cells come from other cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
  3. All organisms are made up of cells.
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2
Q

Who are the co-founders of cell theory?

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A
  • No nucleus.
  • Simple and small.
  • Single-celled.
  • Example: Bacteria.
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4
Q
  • What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
A
  • Have a nucleus.
  • More complex and can be multicellular.
  • DNA in the nucleus.
  • Examples: Plants and animals.
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5
Q

What structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

A
  1. Cell wall.
  2. Chloroplasts.
  3. Large vacuoles.
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6
Q

What structures are present in animal cells but not in plant cells?

A
  1. No cell wall.
  2. Small vacuoles.
  3. No chloroplasts.
  4. Irregular/round shape.
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7
Q

What is the role of ATP in the mitochondria?

A

A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell, created when mitochondria break down food.

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7
Q

What is the difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?

A
  • Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins.
  • Smooth ER has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
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7
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A
  • It has ribosomes on its surface.
  • Produces proteins and transports them.
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8
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  • Break down food to release energy.
  • Generate ATP (energy molecule).
  • Powerhouse of the cell.
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9
Q

Q: What pigment is found in chloroplasts, and what is its function?

A

A: Chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

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9
Q

Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

A:
- Packages proteins.
- Prepares proteins for transport in and out of the cell.

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9
Q

Q: What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?

A

A: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light into energy (glucose).

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10
Q

Q: What are the two main types of cells?

A

A:
1. Prokaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryotic cells.

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10
Q

Q: What is the function of the vacuole in plant and animal cells?

A

A:
- Storage of materials like water, nutrients, and waste.
- Larger in plant cells to maintain shape.

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10
Q

Q: What are ribosomes, and where can they be found?

A
  • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
  • Found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
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11
Q

Q: What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

A

A: Lysosomes digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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11
Q

Q: What structure supports and protects plant cells?

A

Cell wall

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12
Q

Q: What is the function of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?

A
  • Controls what enters and exits the cell.
  • Provides structure and protection.
12
Q

Q: What is cytoplasm, and what does it do?

A

A: The gel-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles in place.

13
Q

Q: What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do?

A
  • Provides structural support to the cell.
  • Helps in cell movement and division.
13
Q

Q: What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Controls cell activities.
  • Contains DNA, which holds genetic information.
13
Q

Q: What is the difference in vacuole size between plant and animal cells?

A
  • Plant cells have a large central vacuole.
  • Animal cells have small, often multiple vacuoles.
14
Q

Q:** What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

A

A: Produces ribosomes.

15
Q

Q: What is the role of the smooth ER in lipid synthesis?

A

A: The smooth ER synthesizes and processes lipids (fats) and detoxifies toxins.

16
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

one-celled organism with no nucleus

17
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell

A

A cell containing a nucleus

18
Q

What are the main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic-
DNA is one long circular molecule
simple
no nucleus

Eukaryotic
DNA is linear
complex
contains a nucleus

19
Q

Know definitions of all organelles from the Review

A

yes

20
Q

What two organelles tie within each other and how?

A

Chroloplast +Mitochondria

Chrolorplast fuels the glucose to make energy

Mitochondria uses glucose to make energy

21
Q

Know a diagram for a cell

A

yes

22
Q

What is homeostasis

A

state of balance and maintaining a constant internal temperature.

23
Q

give 2 examples of homeostasis

A

When you are cold, you shiver to get back to normal temp.

When you are hot you sweat to cool to normal temp.

24
Q

Describe what is happening internally when plants wilt

A

There is not enough water in the vacuole

causing the cell
to lose pressure,
rigidity,
structure within a cell.

25
Q

What is the primary difference between the structure and function of the cell wall and that of the cell membrane?

A

Cell Wall- provides support and is rigid

Cell membrane- lets substances in and out of the cell and is flexible

26
Q

What are the Standard SI Units for Mass, Volume, and Distance

A

Mass- grams
Distance- meters
Volume- Liters

27
Q

What are three things to consider when thinking and writing a Hypothesis?

A
  • If IV, then the DV format

must be testable

the topic is specific enough to be tested (containing IV and DV)

28
Q

Hypothesis def.

A

questions that can be tested through experiments

29
Q

Theory def.

A

explanation based on prior experiments (can change over time)

30
Q

what keyword tells you if something is a theory

A

explanation

31
Q

Law def.

A

rules known in science from patterns in nature (Just tell us)

32
Q

how are hypothesis, theory, and laws alike?

A

They all explain processes in science

33
Q

Indepedent def.

A

what you change in an experiment

34
Q

dependent def.

A

result to what you change in an experiment

35
Q

Control

A

things that are the same in an experiment

36
Q
A

Science (12 decks)

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