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Science > Fall Semester Exam Review #2 (Units 2 and 3) > Flashcards

Fall Semester Exam Review #2 (Units 2 and 3) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell membrane

A

lets things in and out of the cell

protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell

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2
Q

Cell wall

A

Protects a plant cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms

provides structural support, which helps maintain the cell’s shape

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid that suspends organelles

gives cell structure, shape, and provides movement for the cell.

also contains salts and other molecules

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4
Q

nucleus

A

control center of cell that directs cell activity

site of protein production, metabolism, and cell growth

contains genetic info stored in DNA

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

makes proteins for the cell

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down food and releases energy needed for cellular processes, such as growth, cell division, and material transport

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

makes glucose for the cell in a process called photosynthesis

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8
Q

photosynthesis

A

uses sunlight, water, and carbon dixiode

product- glucose and oxygen

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

vacuoles

A

storage for substances in the cell

sotres food, water, and waste material

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11
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages proteins for transport

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12
Q

ER

A

Protein Proudction and Transportation

makes lipids

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13
Q

What organelles are found in both plant and animal cells

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
mitochondria
nucleus
ER
golgi

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14
Q

what organelles are found only in plant

A

cell wall
chorloplast
large vacuole

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15
Q

what organelles are found only in animal

A

multiple small vacoules

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A

-genetic material not surrounded by membrane

  • most are unicellular

-no nucleus

17
Q

What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

-Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

-genertic material surrounded by a membrane

-usually larger than prokaryotic

-contians organelles

18
Q

What are the mian types of eukaryotic cells

A

Plant and Animal cells

Since Eukarytoic cells have a nucleus, they will also have chromosomes in that nuclues

19
Q

Describe chromosomes and give characteristics of them

A

A DNA structure containing genertic info from one generation to the next

we get 1 chromosome from each parent to creat pairs

Chromosomes contain genes. These genes carry info for exactly one trait

20
Q

Whare are alleles

A

an alternate form of a gene

can be dominant or recessive

21
Q

Genetics

A

the study of genes

22
Q

Heredity

A

study of how genes are passed through generations

23
Q

Where do we find DNA

A

in the nuclues

DNA is what a gene is made of that determines traits in offspring

24
Q

How do genetic disorders get passed on from parent to offspring

A

the prents genes are passed to the child

25
Q

What is the different between inhertied traits and learned behavior

A

learned- something that is learned

inherited- traits that someone is born with

26
Q

What function, besdies storage, do vacuoles have in plants

A

They help plants maintain their shape. When plants don’t have enough water in their vacuole, they wilt

27
Q

What are genotypes

A

letters with alles

28
Q

What are phenotypes

A

how genes are expressed

29
Q

What are the 3 types of adaptations

A

Behavioral
Structural
Physiological

30
Q

Structural adaptation def.

A

external adaptations that help organisms survive

31
Q

Behavioral adaptation def.

A

actions by organisms that help them survive

32
Q

Physiological adaptation def.

A

internal adaptations that help organisms survive

33
Q

Physiological examples

A

production of vemon
blubber to keep warm
hollow bones for flight

34
Q

Structural examples

A

spines on cactus
claws
long eyebrows for camels

35
Q

Behavioral examples

A

dancing to attract males
migration
hibernation

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