Fall Semester Exam Review #2 (Units 2 and 3) Flashcards
study study study
Cell membrane
lets things in and out of the cell
protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell
Cell wall
Protects a plant cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms
provides structural support, which helps maintain the cell’s shape
Cytoplasm
gel-like fluid that suspends organelles
gives cell structure, shape, and provides movement for the cell.
also contains salts and other molecules
nucleus
control center of cell that directs cell activity
site of protein production, metabolism, and cell growth
contains genetic info stored in DNA
Ribosomes
makes proteins for the cell
Mitochondria
Breaks down food and releases energy needed for cellular processes, such as growth, cell division, and material transport
Chloroplast
makes glucose for the cell in a process called photosynthesis
photosynthesis
uses sunlight, water, and carbon dixiode
product- glucose and oxygen
vacuoles
storage for substances in the cell
sotres food, water, and waste material
Golgi Apparatus
packages proteins for transport
ER
Protein Proudction and Transportation
makes lipids
What organelles are found in both plant and animal cells
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
mitochondria
nucleus
ER
golgi
what organelles are found only in plant
cell wall
chorloplast
large vacuole
what organelles are found only in animal
multiple small vacoules
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells
-genetic material not surrounded by membrane
- most are unicellular
-no nucleus
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells
-Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
-genertic material surrounded by a membrane
-usually larger than prokaryotic
-contians organelles
What are the mian types of eukaryotic cells
Plant and Animal cells
Since Eukarytoic cells have a nucleus, they will also have chromosomes in that nuclues
Describe chromosomes and give characteristics of them
A DNA structure containing genertic info from one generation to the next
we get 1 chromosome from each parent to creat pairs
Chromosomes contain genes. These genes carry info for exactly one trait
Whare are alleles
an alternate form of a gene
can be dominant or recessive
Genetics
the study of genes
Heredity
study of how genes are passed through generations
Where do we find DNA
in the nuclues
DNA is what a gene is made of that determines traits in offspring
How do genetic disorders get passed on from parent to offspring
the prents genes are passed to the child
What is the different between inhertied traits and learned behavior
learned- something that is learned
inherited- traits that someone is born with
What function, besdies storage, do vacuoles have in plants
They help plants maintain their shape. When plants don’t have enough water in their vacuole, they wilt
What are genotypes
letters with alles
What are phenotypes
how genes are expressed
What are the 3 types of adaptations
Behavioral
Structural
Physiological
Structural adaptation def.
external adaptations that help organisms survive
Behavioral adaptation def.
actions by organisms that help them survive
Physiological adaptation def.
internal adaptations that help organisms survive
Physiological examples
production of vemon
blubber to keep warm
hollow bones for flight
Structural examples
spines on cactus
claws
long eyebrows for camels
Behavioral examples
dancing to attract males
migration
hibernation
