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Science > Chemistry I > Flashcards

Chemistry I Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of charge do protons have

A

positive

they have a mass of 1 amu

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2
Q

what type of charge do
neutrons have

A

no charge

have a mass of 1 amu

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3
Q

where are protons located in the atom

A

in the nucleus

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4
Q

where are neutrons located

A

in the nucleus

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5
Q

what type of charge do electrons have

A

negative

Electrons almost have no mass at all

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6
Q

where are electrons located

A

outside the nucleus

these circle the nucleus of the atom

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7
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom

Why?

A

neutral

This is because atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Their charges cancel each other out and make the entire atom neutron

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8
Q

The nucleus is located in the ______ of the atom

A

center

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9
Q

What type of charge is the nucleus

A

positive because the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons

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10
Q

____% of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus

A

99.9%

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11
Q

What are protons so important

A

the # of protons determines the type of atom

the proton is the identity of the atom

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12
Q

how can you find the number of protons with the periodic table

A

it is equal to the number on the periodic table

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13
Q

how to find neutrons using the periodic table

A

mass number - protons = neutrons

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14
Q

Electrons move around a space outside the nucleus in an ______-

A

electron cloud

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15
Q

What is the relationship between the number of electrons and protons in an neutral atom

A

the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons

neutral means equal number of protons and electrons

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16
Q

Electrons are in _____ outside the nuclues in an ________

A

energy levels

electron cloud

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17
Q

what are valence electrons

A

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

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18
Q

Group number =

A

electron number in their outer most energy level (valence electrons)

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19
Q

What do valence elctrons determine of an element

A

chemical properties and reactivity

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20
Q

atomic number =

A

number of protons

number of protons and electrons are equal

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21
Q

A=P=E

A

Atomic number = # of __protons___ = # of __electrons____

22
Q

how to find mass number of a atom

A

protons + neutrons in the nucleus

Remember - protons and neutrons are the only ___subatomic particles__ that have mass that contributes to the overall mass of the atom.

23
Q

What are isotopes

A

atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with a different number of neutrons.

Remember, neutrons have no charge so having different numbers of neutrons does not change the charge of the entire atom.

24
Q

What do neutrons change and dont change

A

neutrons only change the mass

they do no change the charge or the chemical behavior of the atom

25
Q

Two ways of writing an isotope

A

element and a dash

Carbon-14

Exponent
14^C

26
Q

How to find the average number of neutrons using the average atomic mass

A

Round the average atomic mass found on the periodic table to the nearest whole number, then subtract the # of protons.

27
Q

Characteristics of Groups 1 & 2 of the periodic table

A

_very__ reactive

Outer shells (levels) are not full

Easily lose or share electrons

28
Q

What is group one called

A

Alkali Metals

29
Q

Characteristics of Alkali Metals

A

_1__ valence electrons

_soft__, can be cut with a knife

_sliver__ colored

Alkali metal + water = _hydrogen gas__

30
Q

what is Group 2 called

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

31
Q

characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals

A

two valence electrons

_reactive__ but less reactive than group 1

more stable; don’t lose electrons as easily

_silver__ colored

more dense than alkali metals

32
Q

What are Group 3-12 called

A

Transition Metals

33
Q

Characteristics of Transition Metals

A

Valence electrons number does not follow any easy rule

less likely to lose electrons

more stable elements

All are __metals_

Shiny

Good conductors of _thermal___ energy and _electric__ current

_higher__ density

High melting point (except Mercury) than groups 1 & 2

34
Q

What is Group 13 called

A

Boron Group

35
Q

Characteristics of Boron Group

A

_3__ valence electrons

__Aluminum__ is the most common element in this group

Reactive

_Solid__ at room temperature

36
Q

What is Group 14 called

A

Carbon Group

37
Q

Characteristics of Carbon Group

A

_4__ valence electrons (quite stable but still reactive)

Carbon is a nonmetal found in diamonds, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Contains some metalloids such as __silicon_ and _germanium__ used in computer chips

Also has some common metals such as __tin__ and _lead__

_soild__ at room temperature

38
Q

What is Group 15 Called

A

Nitrogen Group

39
Q

Characteristics of Nitrogen Group

A

_5__ valence electrons

Nitrogen is the only element in this groups that is a _gas__ at room temperature

It makes up _78__% of the earth’s atmosphere

Nitrogen is _unreactive___

_Phosphorous__ is SO reactive it is only found in nature combined with other elements

40
Q

What is Group 16 Called

A

Oxygen Group

41
Q

Characteristics of Oxygen group

A

_very__ reactive

_6__ valence electrons

_21__% of air is oxygen

Things can’t burn without oxygen

All but oxygen are _solid__ at room temperature

42
Q

What is Group 17 Called

A

Halogens

43
Q

Characteristics of Halogens

A

_7__ valence electrons

_very__, _very__ reactive!

One needs _one__ more electron to have a complete (full) out level. They can easily gain one from the alkali metals group (group 1)

They are _never__ found in nature uncombined

_poor__ conductors of electric current

React _violently__ with alkali metals to form salts

Physical properties vary greatly

2 are __gases_; 2 are _solids__; 1 is _liquid__

44
Q

What is Group 18 called

A

Noble Gasses

45
Q

Characteristics of Noble Gasses

A

8 valence electrons (except _helium__ which has 2.

All are “happy” with a full outer level – no room for more electrons

_colorless__

_odorless__

_gases__ at room temperature

46
Q

number of electrons based on each energy level of an atom

A

1st Level (closest to nucleus) – hold up to 2 electrons

    	2nd Level – holds up to _8_ electrons

    	3rd Level – holds up to _8_ or _18_ electrons

(Generally, electrons will enter _outer energy__ levels only after the inner levels are _full__.)

47
Q

Element

A

A substance that consists of only one type of atom

48
Q

Compound

A

A substance containing atoms of two or more different elements connected together

49
Q

Diatomic elements

A

A molecule that consists of two atoms that are the same

50
Q

mixutre

A

two or more substances physically blended together, but do not combine chemically

51
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which two or more pure substances are evenly mixed

52
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which two or more pure substances are not evenly mixed

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