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Chemistry I Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Group 3-12 called

A

Transition Metals

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2
Q

How many neutrons does Lithium-9 have

A

6

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3
Q

Characteristics of Boron Group

A

_3__ valence electrons

__Aluminum__ is the most common element in this group

Reactive

_Solid__ at room temperature

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4
Q

Characteristics of Alkali Metals

A

_1__ valence electrons

_soft__, can be cut with a knife

_sliver__ colored

Alkali metal + water = _hydrogen gas__

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5
Q

what type of charge do
neutrons have

A

no charge

have a mass of 1 amu

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6
Q

purpose of Electrons

A

determine reactivity with valence electrons

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7
Q

What is Group 18 called

A

Noble Gasses

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8
Q

What are protons so important

A

the # of protons determines the type of atom

the proton is the identity of the atom

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9
Q

Use your periodic table and tell me everything you know and can determine about Potassium

A

Atomic #- 19
Protons- 19
Electrons- 19
Neutrons- 20
Atomic Mass- 39.098
Mass #-39
Symbol K
1 valence electron
4 energy levels
Group 1
Alkali Metal

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10
Q

WHy is Hydrogen placed above group1 if it is not a metal

A

only 1 valence electron

same as alkali metals

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11
Q

Electrons are in _____ outside the nuclues in an ________

A

energy levels

electron cloud

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12
Q

importance of neutrons

A

contribute to mass

form isotopes

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13
Q

Group number =

A

electron number in their outer most energy level (valence electrons)

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14
Q

Why do flowers often float on top of water and not break the surface of the water

A

The light weight is not strong enough to break the ST of the water

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15
Q

Characteristics of Oxygen group

A

_very__ reactive

_6__ valence electrons

_21__% of air is oxygen

Things can’t burn without oxygen

All but oxygen are _solid__ at room temperature

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16
Q

Isaiah is studying cesium cadmium, and radon, Which of these elements is least likely to react and why

A

Radon because of full valence shell

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17
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which two or more pure substances are evenly mixed

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18
Q

what type of charge do electrons have

A

negative

Electrons almost have no mass at all

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19
Q

____% of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus

A

99.9%

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20
Q

What is a pure substance

A

cannot be broken down or separated by physical means

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21
Q

A student is studying calcium, a highly reactive element that humans need for strong bones. Which characteristic of calcium is most closely related to its chemical reactivity

A

Calcium’s 2 valence electrons determine reactivity

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22
Q

How to find the average number of neutrons using the average atomic mass

A

Round the average atomic mass found on the periodic table to the nearest whole number, then subtract the # of protons.

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23
Q

An atom of chlorine, chlorine-38 has 17 protons. How many neutrons are in this atom

A

21

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24
Q

Characteristics of Groups 1 & 2 of the periodic table

A

_very__ reactive

Outer shells (levels) are not full

Easily lose or share electrons

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25
Element or Compound Cl*2
element
26
how can you find the number of protons with the periodic table
it is equal to the number on the periodic table
27
Two ways of writing an isotope
element and a dash Carbon-14 Exponent 14^C
28
What properties of water allow plants to transport the water throughout the plant and why
Adhesion allows the water molecules to stick to other surfaces and molecules such as the xylem to transport the water through the plant
29
how to find mass number of a atom
protons + neutrons in the nucleus Remember - protons and neutrons are the only ___subatomic particles__ that have mass that contributes to the overall mass of the atom.
30
how to find neutrons using the periodic table
mass number - protons = neutrons
31
I am a metal with one valence electron.. I have 19 electrons in energy levels. Who am I
Potassium
32
What are the diatomic elemts
Hydrogen Iodine Bromine Oxygen Nitrogen Chlorine Fluorine
33
Characteristics of Carbon Group
_4__ valence electrons (quite stable but still reactive) Carbon is a nonmetal found in diamonds, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Contains some metalloids such as __silicon_ and _germanium__ used in computer chips Also has some common metals such as __tin__ and _lead__ _soild__ at room temperature
34
Where can you find metals on the PT
left of the metalliods
35
examples of heterogeneous mixtures
oil and water sand and water cookie dough
36
mixutre
two or more substances physically blended together, but do not combine chemically
37
What groups are very reactive together and often form salts
Alkali Metals and Halogens
38
What is Group 16 Called
Oxygen Group
39
Are diatomic elements compounds or elements
Elements. In order to be a compound, they must be 2 different elements
40
What is the atomic number of an element that has 6 Ve- and 3 energy levels
16
41
Characteristics of Noble Gasses
_8_ valence electrons (except _helium__ which has _2_. All are “happy” with a full outer level – no room for more electrons _colorless__ _odorless__ _gases__ at room temperature
42
I am an element with 4 VE- and am in the same period as chlorine. WHo am I
Silicon
43
What do valence elctrons determine of an element
chemical properties and reactivity
44
Refer back to the water strider in lesson 2. How do the properties of water allow the water strider to walk on the surface of the water and not break through the surface
cohesion- keeps molecules together Surface Tension- helps water maintain shape These properties make it difficult to break the bonds of the water molecules
45
What is the relationship between the number of electrons and protons in an neutral atom
the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons neutral means equal number of protons and electrons
46
What is the overall charge of an atom Why?
neutral This is because atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. Their charges cancel each other out and make the entire atom neutron
47
An atom of Lead-220 has 82 electrons How many protons and neutrons are in this atom
82 protons 138 neutrons
48
What group is the least reactive and why
Noble Gases they are unreactive because of their full valence shell
49
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which two or more pure substances are not evenly mixed easy to see separation
50
How many protons does an atom with an atomic nymber of 12 and a mass of 24 have
12
51
What do neutrons change and dont change
neutrons only change the mass they do no change the charge or the chemical behavior of the atom
52
is saltwater a hertero or homogenerous mixture
homo
53
A=P=E
Atomic number = # of __protons___ = # of __electrons____
54
The nucleus is located in the ______ of the atom
center
55
number of electrons based on each energy level of an atom
1st Level (closest to nucleus) – hold up to _2_ electrons 2nd Level – holds up to _8_ electrons 3rd Level – holds up to _8_ or _18_ electrons (Generally, electrons will enter _outer energy__ levels only after the inner levels are _full__.)
56
How many electrons can energy levels 1-3
level 1- 2 level 2- 8 level 3- 8-18
57
what is Group 2 called
Alkaline Earth Metals
58
What is Group 17 Called
Halogens
59
What is Group 15 Called
Nitrogen Group
60
What is Group 13 called
Boron Group
61
Characteristics of Nitrogen Group
_5__ valence electrons Nitrogen is the only element in this groups that is a _gas__ at room temperature It makes up _78__% of the earth’s atmosphere Nitrogen is _unreactive___ _Phosphorous__ is SO reactive it is only found in nature combined with other elements
62
What type of charge is the nucleus
positive because the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons
63
Electrons move around a space outside the nucleus in an ______-
electron cloud
64
Krypton-90 has how many protons
36
65
Characteristics of Halogens
_7__ valence electrons _very__, _very__ reactive! One needs _one__ more electron to have a complete (full) out level. They can easily gain one from the alkali metals group (group 1) They are _never__ found in nature uncombined _poor__ conductors of electric current React _violently__ with alkali metals to form salts Physical properties vary greatly 2 are __gases_; 2 are _solids__; 1 is _liquid__
66
Compound
A substance containing atoms of two or more different elements connected together
67
what type of charge do protons have
positive they have a mass of 1 amu
68
What is the mass of a potassium atom with 23 neutrons
42 amu
69
Diatomic elements
A molecule that consists of two atoms that are the same
70
What are isotopes
atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with a different number of neutrons. Remember, neutrons have no charge so having different numbers of neutrons does not change the charge of the entire atom.
71
Where can you find nonmetals on the periodic table
Right Side of PT excpet hydrogen
72
where are neutrons located
in the nucleus
73
Element
A substance that consists of only one type of atom
74
atomic number =
number of protons number of protons and electrons are equal
75
Characteristics of Transition Metals
Valence electrons number does not follow any easy rule _less_ likely to lose electrons _more_ stable elements All are __metals_ Shiny Good conductors of _thermal___ energy and _electric__ current _higher__ density High _melting point_ (except Mercury) than groups 1 & 2
76
what are valence electrons
electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
77
characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals
_two_ valence electrons _reactive__ but less reactive than group 1 _more_ stable; don’t lose electrons as easily _silver__ colored _more_ dense than alkali metals
78
What group of elements has properties of both metals and nonmetals
metalloids
79
What is Group 14 called
Carbon Group
80
What is group one called
Alkali Metals
81
An atom with 82 protons, 82 electrons, and 130 neutrons has a mass number of what
212 AMU
82
where are electrons located
outside the nucleus these circle the nucleus of the atom
83
where are protons located in the atom
in the nucleus

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