Unit 10 Waves Review Flashcards
study study study
electromagnetic spectrum order
radio
micro
IR
visible
UV
x-ray
gamma
What is the difference between frequency and amplitude? Why is it important?
Frequency refers to the number of wave cycles passing a point per second (measured in Hertz), while the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position, often related to the wave’s energy or intensity.
How is frequency and energy related?
Frequency and energy are directly proportional, meaning a higher-frequency wave carries more energy
What is a wavelength?
the distance between two corresponding points on a wave, such as from crest to crest, or trough to trough.
How do you calculate a wavelength?
This represents the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves (two crests or two troughs).
Explain the two types of waves and how they move.
Transverse waves have particles moving perpendicular to the wave direction,
longitudinal waves have particles moving parallel to the wave direction
2-3 Examples of Radio
AM/FM radio
Garage Door openers
TV
2-3 Examples of Micro
microwaves
cellphones
satellite communication
2-3 Examples of IR
remote controls
thermographs
2-3 Examples Visible Light
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
2-3 Examples UV
sterilizing water
medical equipment
2-3 Examples X-ray
images of bones
2-3 Examples Gamma Ray
Killing cells and creating cancerous Cells
What is the distance from the crest to the trough of a wave in terms of amplitude?”
The distance from the crest to the trough of a wave is twice the amplitude, meaning the wave height is equivalent to two times the amplitude
What is a medium?
the material through which a wave travels; can be solids, liquids, or gases
Newton’s First Law
An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
(Law of Inertia):
Newton’s Second Law
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
(F=ma):
Newton’s Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Describe the different characteristics of a metal and a nonmetal.
Metals are generally shiny, malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets), ductile (can be drawn into wires), and good conductors of heat and electricity,
nonmetals are often dull, brittle, and poor conductors.
What is the HR diagram and how does it organize stars?
The HR diagram plots stars by their surface temperature and luminosity
The HR diagram organizes stars based on their characteristics and life stages, with most stars falling along a diagonal band called the main sequence
How can a low-mass star be classified through its life cycle on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram?
Main sequence→ red giant→ white dwarf
What are the different Life Cycles of stars? How do you know which cycle a star will follow?
High mass vs low mass and it is easy to determine by color. Blue and sometimes blue white are high mass. All others are low mass.
What happens to stars when they die?
The death of a star depends on the mass of the star. A low-mass star will shed its outer layers (red giant stage) and become a white dwarf.
A high-mass star, however, will supernova before either turning into a neutron star or a black hole.
How does a star’s size and temperature affect its brightness?
Size and temperature help determine the brightness because it is a measure of how much energy the star puts out. Therefore, the greater the surface area and the greater the temperature, the brighter the star.
Comet
Contains a center of dust and gas and tail
Meteor
rock that vaporizes as it falls through Earth’s Atmosphere
Star
: Sphere of plasma that produces its own light
Nebula
Cloud like formation of gas and dust
How can a high mass star be classified through its life cycle on the Hertzprung-Russell Diagram
blue main sequence—supergiant—–off the HR diagram because it will become either a black hole or a neutron star after the supernova
