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Science > Endocrine and Nervous system review > Flashcards

Endocrine and Nervous system review Flashcards

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1
Q

main function of nervous system

A

Gather and interpret information and respond to that information.

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2
Q

additional functions of nervous system

A

-Keeps your organs working properly and allows you to speak, smell, taste, hear, see, move, think, and experience emotions.

-To control the entire body.

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3
Q

what is the Central Nervous System

A

A collection of organs

  • processes all incoming and outgoing messages from the nerves.
  • It interprets all the messages from the sensory neurons and sends impulses on the motor neurons for a response.
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4
Q

what organs are in the Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what is the peripheral Nervous System

A

A collection of communication pathways

primary function
-is to transfer information from all areas of the body and the outside environment to the central nervous system

-and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

It allows you to sense your surroundings and make movements to those senses.

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6
Q

What organs are in the PNS

A

body nerves

sensory and motor neurons

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7
Q

Cerebrum def.

A

The part of the brain that detects touch, sight, sound, odor, taste, pain, heat, and cold
and controls all voluntary acts, including thought. feelings and emotions.

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8
Q

Cerebellum def.

A

The part of the brain that keeps track of the body’s position. (balance)

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9
Q

Medulla def.

A

The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord and controls many
involuntary processes in the body. (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)

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10
Q

what is the Medulla also known as

A

brain stem

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11
Q

What level of organization is a neuron?

A

cell

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12
Q

label brain

A

yes

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13
Q

Neuron def.

A

: A specialized nerve cell that transfers messages throughout the body in the form of fast-moving electrical energy.

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14
Q

Impulse def.

A

An electrical message that passes along a neuron.

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15
Q

Cell Body def.

A

The enlarged region that contains a nucleus and cell organelles.

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16
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron also called

A

Soma

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17
Q

Dendrite def.

A

Short, branched extensions of a neuron where the neuron receives impulses from other cells.

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18
Q

Axon def.

A

The long cell fiber of a neuron that transfers intercellular messages.

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19
Q

Label neuron

A

yes

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20
Q

If you were playing soccer, explain what has to happen in order for you to be able to kick the ball.
(5 steps)

A
  1. Your eyes sense the stimulus of the ball coming near your foot.
  2. You send an impulse on a sensory neuron to your brain.

3.Your brain interprets what is happening.

  1. A response impulse is sent on a motor neuron to your leg. (your spinal cord does NOT intercept because there is no pain)
  2. You kick the soccer ball.
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21
Q

reflex def.

A

A quick, involuntary response to a stimulus. The spinal cord will intercept any messages of
pain and respond before the message can reach the brain - increasing the speed of the response.

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22
Q

How is your nervous system extremely fast

A

: Your nervous system works with electrical impulses, it is able to move VERY quickly around your body. It is a very fast delivery system.

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23
Q

why does your nervous system have to be extremely fast

A

If you had to think about responding, you might get seriously hurt before you could respond.

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24
Q

main function of endocrine system

A

A collection of ductless glands that regulate body-fluid balance,
growth,
and sexual development through the use of hormones.

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25
Q

additional function of endocrine system

A

Produce chemical messengers (hormones) that control the body’s slower, long term processes.

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26
Q

gland def.

A

An organ that makes chemical messengers for the body (hormones).

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27
Q

hormones def.

A

Chemical messengers made in a gland that carries information from one part of the
body to another (target cells).

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28
Q

what is the Hypothalamus

A

Located in the brain -

-it links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (the master gland). Since the

-CONTROLS all parts of the body it must be able to communicate with the endocrine system that regulates certain body functions.

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29
Q

are hormones transported through vessels

A

no

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30
Q

how are hormones moved throughout the body

A

Hormones hitchhike a ride in the blood of the cardiovascular system. Since they don’t’ have their own delivery system, it can only go as fast as blood can transport it around -making it much slower than the nervous system.

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31
Q

what type of messengers do the nervous system send

A

electrical messengers

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32
Q

how is the delivery of messages in the nervous system

A

extremely fast delivery system because the
impulse gets sent around the body on neurons.

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33
Q

what responses does the nervous system control

A

It controls some very fast responses like reflexes, thoughts, and senses.

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34
Q

how much time do electrical messages take to send in the Nervous system

A

(this only takes a fraction of a second)

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35
Q

what type of messengers do the endocrine system send

A

chemical messengers

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36
Q

how is the delivery of messages in the endocrine system

A

much slower delivery system because the hormones must be carried around the body by the blood.

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37
Q

how much time do chemical messages take to send in the endocrine system

A

this only takes about a minute to circulate around the body

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38
Q

why does the endocrine system move so slow to move hormones

A

It regulates your slower, long-term processes, so it doesn’t need to be as fast.

39
Q

Adrenal Gland def.

A

Glands that help the body respond to stress and danger - like the Fight or Flight Response.

40
Q

Ovaries def.

A

Organs in the female reproductive system that produces the eggs and hormones for reproduction and helps with female
sexual development.

41
Q

Pancreas def. in Endocrine system

A

Responsible for controlling insulin and regulating blood sugar levels.

42
Q

Parathyroid Glands def.

A

Regulates calcium levels in the blood. (located behind the thyroid gland)

43
Q

Pineal Gland def.

A

It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects your sleep / wake patterns and seasonal
functions.

44
Q

Pituitary Gland def.

A

A gland that secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs (the master gland - it communicates with
the nervous system by the hypothalamus).

-Stimulates skeletal growth

  • helps the thyroid function properly,
  • regulates the amount of water in the blood
  • stimulates the birth process in pregnant women.
45
Q

testes def.

A

The organs in the male reproductive system that make sperm and testosterone that helps with male sexual development.

46
Q

Thymus Gland def.

A

Produces hormones that regulate the immune system, which helps your body fight disease.

47
Q

Thyroid Gland def.

A

Produces hormones that can increase the rate at which you use energy / metabolism.

48
Q

label endocrine system diagram

A

yes

49
Q

What are feedback controls

A

A system that turns endocrine glands on or off. (They work like a thermostat on an air conditioner. They send a message to an endocrine gland to start / stop sending in a particular hormone.)

50
Q

Explain how the parathyroid gland controls the calcium levels in the blood (negative feedback).

A
  1. If calcium levels decrease in the blood, the parathyroid gland will release a hormone to put more calcium in the blood from the bones where it is stored.
     2.	If calcium levels  increase  in the blood, the parathyroid gland will release less  hormone so  calcium  will be taken out of the blood to be stored in the  bones .
51
Q

main function of the Nervous System

A

Gather and interpret information and respond to that information

52
Q

additional functions of the nervous system

A
  1. The nervous system keeps your organs working properly and allows you to speak, smell taste, hear see, move, think, and experience emotions
  2. to control the entire body.
53
Q

main function of Endocrine system

A

A collection of ductless glands that regulate body-fluid balance, growth, and sexual development through the use of hormones

54
Q

additional function of the endocrine system

A

produces chemical messengers (hormones) that are made in one part of the body (gland) and affects another part of the body

55
Q

what neurons gather information from your outside and inside environment and send it to the CNS?

A

Sensory Neurons

56
Q

what neurons cause responses from information sent from the CNS

A

Motor Neurons

57
Q

what organs are a part of the CNS

A

brain

spinal cord

58
Q

what organs are a part of the PNS

A

all body nerves

59
Q

why is it so important that the spinal cord intercept messages of pain

A

if you had to think about responding, you might get seriously hurt before you could respond

60
Q

Connects the Nervous to the Endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus

61
Q

Controls you involuntary actions that keep you alive (heart rate, breathing)

A

Medulla (brain stem)

62
Q

an electrical message that travels on nerve cells

A

Impulse

63
Q

Controls your voluntary actions, senses, feelings, thoughts, and emotions

A

Cerebrum

64
Q

A nerve cell that is a pathway for electrical messages in the brain and body

A

neuron

65
Q

Controls the body’s position and balance

A

Cerebellum

66
Q

Parathormone: Regulates calcium levels in the body.

A

Parathyroid Glands

67
Q

Testosterone: Helps with male sexual development.

A

testes

68
Q

Oxytocin & HGH: The body’s master gland and helps regulate growth. (and many other functions as well)

A

Pituitary Gland

69
Q

Adrenalin (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine): Responds to stress and danger - like the fight / flight response.

A

Adrenal Gland

70
Q

Thyroxine: Controls metabolism (energy usage) and helps regulate growth.

A

Thyroid Glands

71
Q

Estrogen & Progesterone: Helps with female sexual development.

A

Ovaries

72
Q

Thymosin: Helps with the regulation of white blood cells. (lymphatic system)

A

Thymus Gland

73
Q

Insulin & Glucagon: Controls blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body.

A

Pancreas

74
Q

Melatonin: Regulates the sleep / wake cycle.

A

Pineal Gland

75
Q

what do both positive and negative feedback controls do

A

Both positive and negative feedback controls regulate when endocrine glands are turned on or off

76
Q

What type of messengers does the Nervous System use?

A

electrical messengers

77
Q

How do nervous messengers move around the body?

A

they move on neurons

78
Q

are nervous messengers fast or slow and WHY?

A

fast- your body needs quick responses to keep you safe

79
Q

What type of messengers does the Endocrine System use?

A

chemical messengers

80
Q

How do these Endocrine messengers move around the body

A

they move in the blood

81
Q

Are Endocrine messengers fast or slow and WHY?

A

slow- the hormones don’t need to be sent fast

82
Q

how does the skeletal system help the nervous system

A

by protecting the brain with the skull and the spinal cord with the vertebrae

83
Q

how does the cardiovascular system help the endocrine system

A

by delivering the hormones it makes and delivering them to the cells of the body

84
Q

how does the endocrine system help the reproductive system

A

by regulating sexual development in the body

85
Q

Brain def.

A

The mass of nerve tissue that is the body’s central command organ.

86
Q

CNS def.

A

A collection of organs that processes all incoming and outgoing messages from the nerves.

87
Q

A collection of glands that produce hormones that control body-fluid balance, growth, and sexual development.

A

Endocrine system

88
Q

A system that turns endocrine glands on or off.

A

Feedback Controls:

89
Q

Involuntary def.

A

Processes the brain controls that happen automatically.

90
Q

Gland def.

A

An organ that makes hormones.

91
Q

Hormones def.

A

A chemical messenger made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body.

92
Q

Motor neurons def.

A

A neuron that sends impulses from the brain and spinal cord to other systems.

93
Q

neuron def.

A

A specialized cell that transfers messages throughout the body in the form of fast-moving electrical energy.

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