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Ap Psych > Unit 3: Memory > Flashcards

Unit 3: Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

3 stages of learning/memory process

A

Encoding (initial experience), storage (putting it away), retrieval (taking it back out)

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2
Q

What are the three memory systems

A

Sensory, short term, long term

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3
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

First stage of memory where info enters system through senses

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4
Q

What is ionic sensory memory

A

Everything that can be seen at one time

Lasts for 1/4-1/2 of a second

Allows visual system to view surroundings as continuous (blinking)

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5
Q

Echoic sensory memory

A

Brief memory of sound
Limited to what can be heard at one moment
1-4 seconds duration

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6
Q

What is short term memory?

A

If incoming sensory is important enough to enter, it goes to short term

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7
Q

What is selective attention?

A

How sensory memory enters STM

Only stimuli that is important enough is chosen by selective attention

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8
Q

What is working memory?

A

Where memories or info is processed once in short term

Remembering something, new info

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9
Q

Capacity and duration of STM

A

7 items plus or minus 2

12-30 seconds without rehearsal

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10
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repeating or holding info in STM

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11
Q

What is long term memory

A

Where info is placed permanently

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12
Q

Duration of LTM

A

Memories are always there/there for a long time but not always retrievable

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13
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

Transferring LTM to STM by making it meaningful and making connections

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14
Q

What are the types of long term memory

A

Non declarative/implicit
Declarative/Explicit

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15
Q

What are the types of declarative memory

A

Semantic: has meaning
Episodic: episode of your life
Prospective: need to remember for later

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16
Q

What are the types of implicit memories?

A

Procedural: muscle memory

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17
Q

Types of encoding

A

auto: don’t have to try
Effortful: have to try

18
Q

What is it called when the brain makes physical changes to store/make memories?

A

The consolidation process

19
Q

Explain flashbulb memories

A

Memories that involve the amygdala (memories of fear) and the hippocampus. They have strong emotional associations, these emotions causing release of hormones that help in long term memories

20
Q

What can cause false memories?

A

Incorrect rehearsal; when you rehearse the memory you fill in wrong details and convince yourself they’re right

21
Q

What is long term potentiation?

A

Neurons that fire together wire together

By neurons repeatedly firing at each other the neurons change to adapt to each other and can signal quicker

22
Q

Memory consolidation

A

Physical change in brain when new memories are made.

When new synaptic buds are formed allowing new connections between neurons and strengthening neural network of LTM

Encoding, storage, retrieval

23
Q

Memory traces

A

Brain changes due to new memories

24
Q

Sleep and memory

A

REM sleep helps procedural, other stages help Declarative

25
Q

What kinds of retrieval are there

A

Recall and recognition

26
Q

What is recall

A

When memories are retrieved with few or no external cues

Open answer test question

27
Q

What is recognition

A

Ability to march info from stored info or facts

Multiple choice test

28
Q

What is a flashbulb memory

A

When a memory is automatically encoded usually due to extreme emotion

29
Q

What is serial position effect?

A

When people remember things at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of lists

Recency is less than primacy

30
Q

What is hindsight bias?

A

Inclination to see events as more predicable after they have passed

31
Q

Memory trace decay theory

A

When the memory trace isn’t used as much and thus fades over time

32
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Loss of memory from point of injury backwards

33
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Loss of memory from point of injury forward

34
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

Starts with anterograde, goes into retrograde

35
Q

Types of Omission

A

Absentmindedness, tancsience (not used so fades away) and blocking

36
Q

Types of Commission

A

Misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence

37
Q

Define Omission and Commission

A

C: Extra added to memory
O: Not in brain

38
Q

Leveling

A

Story gets shorter as retold

39
Q

Sharpening

A

Certain aspects are emphasized or forgotten

40
Q

Assimilation

A

Outlier information is changed to conform to make story more logical

41
Q

Ebbinghaus Curve

A

Forgetting happens mostly in first hour then tapers off

Ap Psych (12 decks)

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