Personality Flashcards by Gavin Unknown

Unconscious mind, our base desires and instincts

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Superego

part conscious and part unconscious, developed from time when we learned rules
the ‘rule follower’

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Ego

part conscious and part unconscious, manages needs of id while being conscious of rules of superego
Result is how we act

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Freud

Father of Psychodynamic perspective, was sexually repressed

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Defense Mechanisms (RRRRDDIPCS)

Rationalization
Reaction formation (Replacing unacceptable feelings with acceptable ones)
Regression
Repression (Can’t remember at all)
Denial
Displacement (take it out on something else)
Intellectualization (wax poetic about emotions)
Projection
Compensation
Sublimation (Want sex so do something else)

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Freud’s Stages

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

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Oral stage

18 months, pleasure zone is mouth
Oral fixation: Overindulging in food, smoking, biting

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Anal stage

18-36 months, zone is anus
holding and releasing of bowels and toilet training

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Anal retentive

Children who refuse to go
Very organized and controlling

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Anal expulsive

Child who makes a mess on purpose
Likes trying new things, disorganized

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Phallic Stage

3-6 yrs
Kids discover difference between boys and girls
Penis anxiety and penis envy
Oedipus and Electra complex

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Phallic fixation

inappropriate sexual behavior

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Latency stage

6 yrs - puberty
push sexual feelings aside and develop in other ways

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Genital stage

Puberty onwards
Sexual feelings come back for others
entry into adult social and sexual behavior

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Jung

Personal and collective unconscious
Ancient fears and memories that we all have

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Adler

Driving force is seeking of superiority
Birth order affects development

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Horney

Men have womb envy and feel the need to compensate
Children have a basic anxiety of the world

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Behaviorist perspective

Learned responses or habits (conditioning)- everything done is response to stimuli that has been reinforced or punished

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Social cognitive learning

Observational and modeling + other techniques shape personality

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Social cognitive perspective

Behavior governed by external stimuli and response patterns (conditioning) + cognitive process (anticipation, judging, memory) + imitation learning

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Bandura

3 factors influence personality: Environment, behavior, personal or cognitive factors from past.

They all link to each other in a circle

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Self efficacy

Bandura

Person’s expectation of how effective their efforts to accomplish goal are based on similar past experiences

Low=expect to fail high= expect to succeed

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Rotter

People motivated to seek reinforcement and avoid punishment. Personality based on set of potential responses to situations

Locus of Control

Rotter

Tendency for people to assume they either do or don’t have control over lives

Internal Locus of Control

Assume own actions cause consequences

External Locus

Assume others and luck have control over your life

Expectancy and reinforcement value

Rotter Expectancy: Persons feeling that behavior will lead to reinforcing consequence Reinforcement value: Person's preference for particular reinforcer

Self Concept

Humanism - Rogers How sense of self is reflected in words and actions of others in your life

Real Self

Ones actual perception of self

Ideal self

What one wants or should be

Conditional and unconditonal positive regard

Unconditional positive regard needed to explore what you can be

Self actualization

Humanism People strive to be all that they can be

Trait theories

Describe and predict behavior rather than see where it comes from

16f

Cattel 16 traits all on a sliding scale with opposite ends Source and surface traits

Allport

Believed traits were wired into nervous system

Traits

Consistent ways of thinking feeling and behaving

5 factor model of personality (OCEAN)

Openness Conscientiousness Extra version Agreeableness Neuroticism

Needs, drives, tension

When an organism needs something that is essential, leads to psychological tension + physical necessity that motivates person to get that thing called drive

Tension

Stress caused by not having thing that causes person to go out and get that thing

Arousal

Unlearned PHYSICAL need for STIMULATION

Optimal arousal

Best level of tension that leads to wanting to do something but not being anxious about it

Extrinsic motivation

Person does something because it leads to outside reward

Intrinsic motivation

Person does something because it leads to internal reward (feeling satisfied)

Primary drive

Survival need

McCellans theory

People need power, affiliation (social) and achievement

Dweck's self-theory of motivation

Need for achievment linked to personality Peoples own theory of self is linked to how they percieve achievment or failure

Dweck’s self theory

Need for achievement linked to personality. How self view can affect perception of achievement

Psychological needs

Not necessary for survival but to feel good

Drive reduction theory

Reduce tension by having the drive to do the thing

Maslow

hierarchy of needs. When at top of pyramid you achieve self actualization

Self determination theory

3 universal and inborn needs Autonomy, competence, relatedness

Insulin and hunger

Carbohydrates (commonly eaten) cause spike in blood sugar, which causes a ton of insulin, which causes low blood sugar which causes people feeling more hunger

Hypothalamus and hunger

Hypothalamus influences pituitary which has role in hunger VMH: Stops eating response LH: Onset of eating

Metabolism

How fast the body burns calories

BMR:

Tied to set point, influences rate at which body burns energy while resting

Anorexia

People not eating

Bullimia

Binging and then throwing up