Unit 3 and 4 Review Exam Flashcards
Miconazole is what type of drug?
Antifungal
Which type of research would be particularly affected if ferrets in a study had Aleutian disease?
Immunological
If active scavenging is used, the scavenging system is connected to which part of the re breathing system?
Pop-off valve
When speaking of multimodal drug therapy, “modal” refers to different modes of:
action
What do depressed levels of neutrophils usually indicate?
Active viral infection
Which group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?
Nematodes
What causes most of the illness of pasteurellosis in ruminants?
A baceterial endotoxin
Leukocytes generally make up what percentage of the total blood volume?
1%
Which disease in fish can be successfully treated with repeated dilute formalin baths?
Ich
Which method is used to diagnose coccidiosis in rabbits?
Fecal flotation
What is the typical treatment for a ruminant with a severely distended, bloated abdomen
Surgical incision of the rumen
Which drug is a dissociative agent?
Ketamine
The term “slow virus” is often used to describe which organism?
Prion
Which type of virus is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Retrovirus
Which antibiotics have the potential to cause inner ear and kidney toxicity?
Aminoglycosides
For which of the following conditions are cephalosporins often used?
Conditions that have shown resistance to other antibiotics
In a study testing the effects of different types of analgesia on wound healing:1) some mice are housed closer to a refrigerator that is known to cause cages on a rack to vibrate; 2) one treatment group is composed only of female mice who weigh less than males; and 3) one investigator coding the severity of wounds over times believes that only one of the analgesia types is effective. If a significant effect is found when the data is analyzed, it could be the result of a(n):
nonexperimental variable.
Which rodent should be fasted overnight if it is to be intubated?
Guinea pig
In which species is atropine not effective to reduce salivation under anesthesia?
Rabbits
Which swine disease can be prevented by vaccination?
Staphylococcus hyicus
What is the definition of virulence?
The degree of pathogenicity of an organism
Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is what type of organism
Nematode
Which antibiotics are used to treat infections with parasitic protozoa, such as Amoeba, Giardia, and Trichomonas?
Nitroimidazoles
Which of the following is a type of acquired immune response?
Antigen-mediated
What is an antibody titer?
The greatest dilution of blood sample with a positive result when exposed to the antigen
When using rebreathing anesthesia systems, which of the following reaches the animal’s lungs?
A mixture of fresh and exhaled gases
Which is the stage when a protozoan parasite actively multiplies?
Trophozoite
Which of the following is a type of interferon?
Beta
Toxocara canis is which type of parasite?
Ascarid
Which of the following is an example of histopathology?
Thin slices of tissue are fixed, stained, and examined under the microscope.
The presence of antibodies against a pathogen is known as:
seroconversion.
The genus of roundworms known as whipworms is a member of which group of helminths ?
Nematodes
The four processes by which a drug is handled by the body — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion — are the focus of which discipline?
Pharmacokinetics
Which action will NOT be taken at the end of our study if the p-value of our statistical test is less than 0.05?
Conclude that there is no significant difference between groups.
Which cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations?
Phagocytes
The volume of the rebreathing bag in an anesthesia system should be how many times the animal’s tidal volume?
4
Which cell lineage is affected in XID mice?
B cell
An anesthetic log should be kept for each animal. How often should vital parameters be recorded?
Every 10-15 minutes
Which factor is an advantage of barbiturate agents?
Time to loss of consciousness
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of feline respiratory disease?
A harsh dry cough
Which type of virus is orf?
Poxvirus
Which disease found in fish can cause nonhealing granuloma ulcers on the skin in humans?
Mycobacteriosis
In the recognition stage of an immune response, which of the following encounter an antigen-presenting cell?
B lymphocyes
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in the serum of mammals?
IgG
Which of the following is a way that a secondary immunodeficiency disease can be acquired?
Poor nutrition
Scrapie in sheep is believed to be caused by which infectious agent?
Prions
Dirofilaria immitis is the cause of:
Heart worm disease
Bioluminescent imaging requires a light signal from which molecule?
Luciferin
What is the best way to determine the amount of nitrous oxide left in a tank?
Weigh the tank
What is an example of a contrast medium?
Gadolinium
What makes rabbits prone to blockages caused by hairballs?
Small pyloric lumen
In what technique is the x-ray beam rotated 360 degrees around the patient to allow precise locations of leasions?
Comeputed tomography
What disease in fish is caused by a protozoan species?
Ich
What drug is often combined with benzodiazepine tranquilizers to induce a dissociative state and provide pain relief and sedation?
Ketamine
Pseudocapillarioides xenopi is what type of organism?
Nematode
What is NOT a function of interferons?
Attenuation (reduction) of the immune response of surrounding cells
Parasite of which group are generally flat, have oral suckers, and have larval forms that hatch in water?
Trematodes
Gentamicin and kanamycin are examples of which type of antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides
What cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations?
Phagocytes
What is the least likely to cause intestinal inflammation in mice or rats?
Mycoplasma spp
Hard bloat in Xenopus is caused by what?
Bacterial infection
What characteristic is TRUE about heminths?
They have differentiated organs
What does an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector measure?
Blood pressure
A hamster was treated with penicillin to treat an infection caused by a gram-positive organism. The animal died the morning after the treatment. What is the cause of death that you should immediately consider?
A toxin secreated by Clostridium difficile killed the animal.
The secretion of antibodies occurs during which step of the acquired immune response?
Response
Species from the genera Giardia are memebers of what group of protozoan parasites?
Flagellates
To examine mucus scrapped from the skin of an aquatic species, what substance is used to prepare the slide?
Tank water
What term would you use to describe the effect of a combination of a phenothiazine tranquilizer and an anesthetic?
Additive
What enzyme can be found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions and destroys bacteria?
Lysozyme
What component of the innate immune system coats the surface of invading organisms to facilitate their attack by the macrophages?
Complement proteins
What is the role of cytokines?
They transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance.
What cells have a similar role to macrophages in presenting the antigen to other cells.
Dendritic cells
The secretion of antibodies occurs during which step of the acquired immune response?
Response
The major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) are found on the surface of which cells?
T cells
What cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations?
Phagocytes
What nematode has the unique characteristic of not producing eggs?
Filaria
Parasites of which group are generally flat, have oral suckers, and have larval forms that hatch in water?
Trematodes
What type of drug is NOT part of heartworm treatment?
Antifungal
What is NOT characteristic of feline respiratory disease?
A harsh dry cough
What is the most common sign of infection with B virus?
Oral lesions or ulcers
What is the typical treatment for a ruminant with a severely distended, bloated abdomen?
Surgical incision of the rumen
Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is what type of organism?
Nematode
What disease may result in the sudden death of large numbers of fish in the aquaria?
Gas bubble disease
What is the most common disease of freshwater fish maintained in aquaria in institutional settings?
Microsporidiosis
What method is most commonly used for the detection of pinworm species?
Cellophane tape test
To examine mucus scraped from the skin of an aquatic species, what substance is used to prepare the slide?
Tank water
The buffy coat in the hematocrit tube can be collected and used to determine which of the following?
Morphology of the white blood cells
What do high concentrations of neutrophils usually indicate?
Active bacterial infection
In which technique is the x-ray beam rotated 360° around the patient to allow precise location of lesions?
Computed tomography
What technique uses a radioisotope to provide images of in vivo biological processes?
Positron emission tomography
Tamoxifen is an example of a drug whose efficacy is dependent upon which factor?
Time of day
What does the term “drug spectrum” refer to?
The type of organisms it is effective against
Gentamicin and kanamycin are examples of which type of antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides
A hamster was treated with penicillin to treat an infection caused by a gram-positive organism. The animal died the morning after the treatment. What is a cause of death that you should immediately consider?
A toxin secreted by Clostridium difficile killed the animal.
What term would you use to describe the effect of a combination of a phenothiazine tranquilizer and an anesthetic?
Additive
Yohimbine is which type of drug?
Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist
What is a serious complication associated with the use of the anesthetic tribromoethanol?
Intestinal ileus
What measure is unnecessary when using an open-drop chamber to anesthetize an animal?
Ensure that enough oxygen is delivered to sustain the animal’s metabolic needs.
What reflex is not a good indicator of anesthetic depth in rodents?
Palpebral
In which species does the administration of morphine frequently induce vomiting and defecation?
Dogs
What phrase best defines “bias” in research?
Influence on study data by investigators or conditions
What action will NOT be taken at the end of our study if the p-value of our statistical test is less than 0.05?
Conclude that there is no significant difference between groups
