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LATG Practice Questions > Chapter 16 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Scientists who study how drugs interact with living systems are known as:

A

Pharmacologist

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2
Q

In research setting, experimental drugs are also known as:

A

test articles

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3
Q

Pharmacologists use what discipline to study how a drug is handled by the body?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

What is the term used for the amount of drug administered that produces the desired pharmacological effect without producing toxicity?

A

Therapeutic dose

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5
Q

Formulary dosages are best interpreted as:

A

recommendations

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6
Q

A drug compound will affect two animals in the same way, regardless of sex or health status, if the dose is equivalent.

A

False

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7
Q

The four processes by which a drug is handled by the body -absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion- are the focus of which discipline?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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8
Q

Only the metabolites of a drug are eliminated by excretion.

A

False

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9
Q

What term is used for the ability of a drug to enter the bloodstream from the site of administration?

A

Absorption

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10
Q

What organ is a major site of drug metabolism?

A

Liver

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11
Q

In what order, from fastest to slowest, in time it takes for a drug administered to take effect in the body?

A

IV>IP>IM>SQ>PO

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12
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A

Administer, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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13
Q

The breakdown products of drugs are called ?

A

metabolites

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14
Q

What are the types of drug interaction?

A

Synergistic
Antagonistic
Potentiation
Additive

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15
Q

Why is clauvanate administered with amoxicillin?

A

To overcome breakdown of the antibiotic.

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16
Q

A drug interaction that results in reduced effect of one or both drugs is called:

A

Antagonistic

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17
Q

The liver excretes drugs and drub metabolites into the bile.

A

True

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18
Q

All drugs are toxic if given in excess.

A

True

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19
Q

The therapeutic index is a ratio that compares an effective does to a:

A

toxic dose

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20
Q

The therapeutic index can be expressed as the effective dose(ED50) divided by the lethal dose (LD50).

A

False: the therapeutic index is expressed as the lethal dose in half of a test population (LD50) divided by the effective dose in half to a test population (ED50).

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21
Q

In multimodal drug therapy, drugs with different mechanisms of action are combined.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the term for the quantity of the drug per unit of body weight?

A

Dose rate

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23
Q

Dosage regimen includes:

A

Dose, route of administration, frequency of administration, duration

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24
Q

Clinical signs of adverse drug effects are similar regardless of the body system affected.

A

False

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25
Q

Controlled substances are classified in how many schedules?

A

5

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26
Q

Who establishes the expiration date of an FDA-approved drug?

A

Drug manufacturer

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27
Q

Product labeling includes information contained on the shipping label.

A

True

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28
Q

One should never exceed the drug dosage recommended by the manufacturer for the animal species to be treated.

A

False

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29
Q

What is needed to obtain controlled substances in an animal facility?

A

Federal and/or state licenses

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30
Q

The symbol required for the label of a controlled drug contains a capital “X” and an Arabic number.

A

False: The symbol for a controlled drug contains a capital “C” and a Roman numeral.

31
Q

The best dosage to use is the one recommended by the manufacturer and described on the label of the drug container.

A

False: Vets may use their knowledge of a drug’s mode of action and species-specific biologic characteristics to select an appropriate drug and dosage for safety and efficacy.

32
Q

An expiration date must be included on a drug’s container.

A

True

33
Q

It is important to know the generic name of a drug because it may be sold under various trade names.

A

True

34
Q

One should always use the dug dosage recommended by the manufacturer for the animal species to be treated to achieve the therapeutic effect.

A

False

35
Q

Failure to clearly label expired drugs and to store them separately from other drugs is a violation of the Animal Welfare Act.

A

True

36
Q

Use of a drug labeled for dogs to treat a mouse is an example of “off-label” use.

A

True

37
Q

A drug has only one generic name but may have many trade names.

A

True

38
Q

Characteristics applied to synthetic corticosterods?

A

Reduces inflammation, itch, and fever

39
Q

What type of antibiotic is often added to the drinking water of immunosuppressed mice to prevent infection by Pneumocystis carinii?

A

Sulfonamide

40
Q

Clavulanate interferes with the action of amoxicillin.

A

False: Clavulanate potentiates amoxicillin by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks down amoxicillin.

41
Q

Ibuprofen is the trade name of a drug used as an anti-inflammatory.

A

False: Ibuprofen is a generic name

42
Q

Biologics

A

Pharmacological materials that consist of or are derived from living components.

43
Q

Sulfonamides are broad spectrum antibiotics.

A

True

44
Q

Fluoroquinolones are generally well tolerated by animals.

A

True

45
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat infections with parasitic protozoa, such as Amoeba, Giardia, and Trichomonas?

A

Nitroimidazoles

46
Q

Penicillins have mainly a Gram-negative spectrum of activity.

A

False: Penicillins have mainly a Gram-positive spectrum of activity.

47
Q

What are pyrethrins?

A

Insecticides

48
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat infections with parasitic protozoa, such as Amoeba, Giardia, and Trichomonas?

A

Nitroimidazoles

49
Q

Antibiotics are used to combat what type of infections?

A

Bacterial

50
Q

What drug is often mixed with bacitraicin and polymyxin for topical preparations used to treat superficial wounds?

A

Neomycin

51
Q

Neomycin is very toxic if injected via the intravenous route.

A

True

52
Q

What antibiotic can cause tissue irritation and even necrosis if it is not diluted when given by injection?

A

Enrofloxacin

53
Q

Miconazole is effective in treating both superficial and systemic fungal infections.

A

False: Systemic infections are very difficult to treat and require long-term treatment with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or amphotericin.

54
Q

Ivermectin should always be given orally.

A

False: can be adminstered orally, parenterally, or topically.

55
Q

The normal bacteria living in the intestinal tract of hamsters and guinea pigs is composed of Gram-positive organisms.

A

True

56
Q

Missed doses of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance.

A

True

57
Q

What term is used to refer to pharmacological materials that consist of or are derived from living components?

A

Biologics

58
Q

In some species, breeds, and strains, ivermectin can cross into the brain and produce severe and even fatal neurological effects.

A

True

59
Q

What does the term “drug spectrum” refer to?

A

The type of organisms it is effective against

60
Q

In most species, the intestinal flora consists of mostly gram-negative organisms.

A

True

61
Q

Ivermectin, fenbendazole, and pyrantel pamoate are all used to treat animals for what?

A

Parasites

62
Q

Antidiarrheal drugs are used to treat the symptoms but not the cause of diarrhea.

A

True

63
Q

The use of biologics is regualted by the FDA.

A

True

64
Q

In enterotoxemia, Shigella spp. proliferate rapidly when the normal bacteria are killed by penicillin.

A

False: In enterotoxiemia, Clostridium difficile proliferates rapidly when the normal bacteria are killed by penicillin.

65
Q

Synthetic corticosteroids can be used to effectively treat itching, but nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) cannot.

A

True

66
Q

Gentamicin and kanamycin are examples of what type of antibiotics.

A

Aminoglycosides

67
Q

Why is clauvanate administered with amoxicillin?

A

To overcome break down of the antibiotic

68
Q

Miconazole is what type of drug?

A

Antifungal

69
Q

What condition can result if guinea pigs are administered penicillins?

A

Enterotoxemia

70
Q

A drug’s BENEFIT and HARM at a body site are also appropriately referred to as:

A

efficacy and toxicity

71
Q

When speaking of multimodal drug therapy, “modal” refers to different modes of:

A

action

72
Q

What antibiotics have the potential to cause inner ear and kidney toxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

73
Q

What antibiotics are preferred to treat enteric coccidiosis?

A

Sulfonamides

LATG Practice Questions (22 decks)

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