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LATG Practice Questions > Chapter 12 Immunology > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

The term “attenuated” is often used in immunology. What best describes its meaning?

A

Weakened

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2
Q

According to the work of Jenner and Pasteur, prior exposure to microorganisms leads to protective immunity.

A

True

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3
Q

Which scientists are associated with the development of the basic concepts of immunology?

A

Jenner and Pasteur

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4
Q

Immunology is:

A

The study of the body’s response when it is exposed to foreign substances

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5
Q

Each antibody can bind to several different kinds of antigens.

A

False

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6
Q

What best describes “immune response”?

A

The body’s reaction against invading foreign substances

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7
Q

IgG can cross the placenta to provide some immunity to newborn animals in their first few weeks of life.

A

True

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8
Q

Different types of immune system cells produce different antibodies when exposed to the same antigen

A

True

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9
Q

Acquired immunity is also called:

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

In the recognition step of the acquired immune response, the antigen is called the BLANK molecule

A

signal

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11
Q

What immune system cells secrete antibodies?

A

B cells

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12
Q

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

A

IgM

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13
Q

T lymphocytes are the major cell type associated with cell-mediated immunity.

A

True

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14
Q

The innate immune response only develops in response to a specific antigen.

A

False

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15
Q

The most important role of the immune system is to keep foreign substances from entering the blood circulation.

A

False

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16
Q

Antibiotics accelerate the response of the immune system.

A

True

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17
Q

An animal’s innate immune system is functional even if the animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance.

A

True

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18
Q

What cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations?

A

Phagocytes

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19
Q

T lymphocytes are also called T cells.

A

True

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20
Q

What cellular component plays a role in the body’s ability to recognize substances as “nonself”?

A

Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex.

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21
Q

MHC proteins help T lymphocytes recognize and attach to antigens.

A

True

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22
Q

An individual’s innate resistance to foreign substances remains the same throughout his/her life.

A

False

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23
Q

Nutrition can affect the strength of an individual’s innate resistance.

A

True

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24
Q

What enzyme can be found in tears, saliva, and nasal secreations and destroys bacteria?

A

Lysozyme

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25
Q

The same MHC proteins are found in all the animals of the same species, but different MHC proteins are present in animals of different species.

A

False

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26
Q

The acquired immune system only develops an immune response after an antigen has entered the body.

A

True

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27
Q

Fluids from tissues are transported by the circulatory system and recycled by the lymphatic system.

A

False: transported by lymphatic system and recycled by the circulatory system

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28
Q

What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals?

A

IgA

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29
Q

Antibodies are made up of heavy and light chains.

A

True

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30
Q

What is the method by which an animal can be given passive immunity?

A

By giving the animals preformed antibodies

31
Q

During which phase of a primary immune response do the antibodies become detectable in the serum?

A

The log phase

32
Q

Why are adjuvants used in vaccines?

A

To enhance the immune response

33
Q

Immunization is a process by which an animal develops immunity after having been exposed to an antigen.

A

True

34
Q

During the plateau phase of a primary immune response, the antibody titer for the pathogen of interest:

A

reaches its peak

35
Q

A secondary immune response to a given antigen is generally a weaker response than the primary response to the initial exposure.

A

False

36
Q

Stress can cause temporary immunodeficiencies.

A

True

37
Q

What best describes autoimmune disease?

A

The animal’s immune system reacts against the animal’s own constituents.

38
Q

What organ does the nude mouse lack?

A

Thymus

39
Q

All diseases that affect the immune system cause a decreased immune response.

A

False

40
Q

Why is cyclosporin A often used in indviduals who have received tissue transplants?

A

It is an immunosuppressant drug

41
Q

In AIDS, the HIV virus destroys which of the cells involved in the immune response?

A

T helper cells and macrophages

42
Q

Drug therapy with corticosteroids can lead to secondary immunodeficiency disease.

A

True

43
Q

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an immunodeficiecny virus that affects animals belonging to which group?

A

Nonhuman primates

44
Q

A primary immunodeficiency disease is an acquired condition resulting from an infection or a side effect of a drug treatment.

A

False

45
Q

Asthma is always caused by an allergic reaction affecting the respiratory track.

A

False

46
Q

Because they lack a thymus, nude mice lack what component of the immune system?

A

T cells

47
Q

What is another term used to describe immunodeficient individuals?

A

Immunocompromised

48
Q

An autoimmune disease is the result of the individual’s immune system becoming hypersensitive to some allergen in the environment.

A

False

49
Q

When a defect in immune response is inherited, it is referred to as a primary immunodeficiency disease.

A

True

50
Q

What best describes immunosupression?

A

A lowered immune responsiveness

51
Q

Asthma is always caused by an allergic reaction affecting the respiratory track.

A

False

52
Q

In general, autoimmune diseases target all organs of the body.

A

False

53
Q

The transplantation of a pig heart valve into a human is an example of what type of transplant?

A

Xenograft

54
Q

The BLANK of donor and recipient is a major determinant of success of an organ transplant.

A

histocompatibility

55
Q

What term would you use to describe a graft that is transplanted between individuals of the same species?

A

Allograft

56
Q

What immune system cells secrete antibodies?

A

B Cells

57
Q

What is typical of a secondary(anamnestic) immune response?

A

The serum titer rises to a higher level during the primary response

58
Q

B cells and plasma cells are part of the BLANK -mediated immune response.

A

antibody

59
Q

What is another term for macrophages?

A

antigen-presenting cells

60
Q

What component of the innate immune system coats the surface of invading organisms to facilitate their attack by the macrophages?

A

complement proteins

61
Q

What cell lineage is affected in XID mice?

A

B cell

62
Q

What is true of phagocytes?

A

They engulf foreign materials

63
Q

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian serum?

A

IgG

64
Q

What of the following is a type of interferon?

A

Beta

65
Q

What cells of the immune system develop into plasma cells?

A

B cells

66
Q

AIDS is an example of what type of disease?

A

Secondary immunodeficiency disease

67
Q

An antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?

A

B cells

68
Q

Which cell population is lacking in SCID mice?

A

T cells and B cells

69
Q

Which statement applies to chronic immune complex diseases?

A

There is an accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the bloodstream.

70
Q

What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?

A

Recognition, amplification, and resolution

71
Q

What is the role of cytokines?

A

They transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance.

72
Q

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian serum?

A

IgG

73
Q

What is typical of a secondary (anamnestic) immune response?

A

The serum titer rises to a higher level than during the primary response.

LATG Practice Questions (22 decks)

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