Chapter 9 Molecular Biology

Question 1

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?

Answer 1

its phenotype

Question 2

Where is the eukaryotic cell’s genetic-information stored?

Answer 2

In the chromosomes.

Question 3

What is the term for the genetic make-up of an organism?

Answer 3

Genotype

Question 4

There are many genes in a chromosome.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the sugar that is found in the DNA backbone?

Answer 5

Deoxyribose

Question 6

Nucleotide is compose of:

Answer 6

• a sugar
• nitrogen-containing base
• Phosphate group

Question 7

The haploid daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

In what process are germ cells produced?

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

How do the number of chromosomes in the ovum and sperm compare to that found in the parent cell?

Answer 9

The parent cell contains twice as many as the ovum and sperm

Question 10

The diploid daughter cells produced in mitosis are identical.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Where does replication take place?

Answer 11

in the nucleus

Question 12

A zygote is a diploid cell.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In mitosis, what do the chromosomes do after replication in order to split into daughter cells?

Answer 13

Pair up

Question 14

What does the word “mitosis” mean?

Answer 14

Threads

Question 15

Meiosis produces four different haploid daughter cells.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

A zygote’s chromosomes are inherited from either the mother or the father.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the product of replication?

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

What process must some proteins synthesized in a cell undergo before they can fulfilled their role in the cell?

Answer 18

Post-transnational modification

Question 19

mRNA:

Answer 19

it carries the cell’s genetic information form the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Question 20

What is the product of translation?

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?

Answer 21

Translation

Question 22

What process enables a cell to read genetic code in the nucleus to make protein in the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

Transcription

Question 23

Where does the

transcription take place?

Answer 23

In the nucleus

Question 24

What cellular organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 24

Ribosome

Question 25

The process of constructing the desired genetic code in a laboratory and inserting it into a zygote or embryo during development is called:

Answer 25

Genetic engineering

Question 26

What is added to a DNA sample to cut the DNA into smaller pieces?

Answer 26

Enzymes

Question 27

Electrophoresis is a technique used to BLANK the DNA fragments.

Answer 27

separate

Question 28

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:

Answer 28

clone the DNA fragments

Question 29

What does “cloning DNA” mean?

Answer 29

Making exact copies of DNA segments.

Question 30

What procedures determines the level of mRNA transcripts in a sample?

Answer 30

Quantitative RT-PCR

Question 31

How has qPCR made environmental testing possible?

Answer 31

Only a tiny amount of RNA is needed for a valid measurement.

Question 32

Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using what test?

Answer 32

Western blot

Question 33

Using Western blot, what enagles visualization of the protein?

Answer 33

Antibodies

Question 34

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA in a sample into several smaller pieces?

Answer 34

They bind at specific base pair sequences and cut the DNA at those sites.

Question 35

In protein synthesis, during which step is messenger RNA formed?

Answer 35

The transcription of DNA

Question 36

Which organelle uses information contained in the mRNA to connect amino acids and form a protein?

Answer 36

Ribosome

Question 37

What is the term for a molecule that is composed of a series of chemical subunits which are linked together?

Answer 37

Polymer

Question 38

Using Western blot, what enables visualization of the protein?

Answer 38

Antibodies