Chapter 8 Biochemistry and Nutrition and Feed Flashcards
Ketones are implicated in which disease?
Diabetes mellitus
The study of chemical compounds and complex reactions in living systems is known as:
Biochemistry
How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharides unts?
Oligosaccharide
What is another name for glucose?
Dextrose
Blood types are characterized by the carbohydrate portions of BLANK on the surface of cells and the carbohydrate portion of serum BLANK.
glycolipids, glycoproteins
BLANK are the main constituents of animals fats.
Triglycerides
The sheath around many nerves is called:
myelin
The component parts of triglycerides are cholesterol and free fatty acids.
False
Animal fat contains more unsaturated fatty acid then vegetable oils.
False
Prostaglandin is a hormone that is derived from lipids.
True
What animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils?
Rat
A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a :
glycolipid
Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be in indication of what condition or disease state?
Lipemia
Cholesterol is a steroid.
True
In dogs and pigs, the digestion of lipids does not begin until food reaches the stomach.
True
Cholesterol is soluble in blood.
False
BLANK are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
What regulates body functions?
Hormones
What is an example of a structural portein?
Keratin
What type of protein is typically intracellular and helps to turn on or off chemical reactions?
Regulatory
What proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells?
Enzymes
Enzymes are an example of what type of biochemical compounds?
Proteins
Some amino acids are considered essential only for young growing animals.
True
The deficiency of what essential micromineral results in anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver?
Cobalt
Many micromnerals are toxic at high concentrations.
True
What is the chemical name of vitamin C?
Ascrobic acid
Monogastric species are often referred to as:
Cecal digesters
What vitamin is water soluble?
Vitamin B
What micromineral is an important component of Vitamin B12?
Cobalt
Fiber is also referred to as starch.
False
Dietary fiber can cause decreased mineral absorption.
True
Fiber is a carbohydrate.
True
How can the diet be changed to treat internal parasites?
Add fenbendazole.
Nutritional requirements within a species may vary due to genetic differences.
True
Animals on estrogen-sensitive studies should be fed a diet high in isoflavones.
False
A laboratory animal’s diet is a controllable variable.
True
What are the two types of acceptable diet formulations for laboratory animals?
Fixed and managed
Most older animals require more protein and calories than young animals.
False
In atherosclerosis what is deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels that restricts blood flow?
Cholesterol.
Ketones are implicated in what disease?
Diabetes mellitus
The enzyme that is lacking in individuals with phenyketonuria (PKU) normally transforms the amino acid phenylalanine into which non-essential amino acid?
Tryosine
What hormone is not properly secreted or used in bodies with diabetes mellitus?
Insulin
Carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides are classified as:
Disaccharides
What breaks down dietary fiber?
Bacteria
What carbohydrate can be digested only by some species, such as ungulates and lagomorphs?
Cellulose
What proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells?
Ensymes
What condition can newborns with phenylketonuria (PKU) develop?
Mental retardation
Steroids belong in which group of organic compounds?
Lipids
What type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbons?
Monounsaturated
What enzyme that adies in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides?
Amylase
On what characteristic are the two categories of dietary minerals (micro- and macrominerals) based?
Their biological importance
What is the example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
What is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oil?
Mouse
Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of what condition?
Lipemia
How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharde units?
Oligosaccharide
What is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?
Glucose
What groups of organic compounds is the largest component of plasma membranes?
Lipids
What does the term “saturated fatty acid” mean?
All of the carbons are connected to as many hydrogen atoms as possible
What is measured in the blood to assess lipid metabolism?
Triglyceride
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base
Sugar
Phosphate group
What molecules are structural proteins?
Collagen and keratin
Vitamins serve as chemical partners with what to help maintain normal cell functions?
Enzymes
Zinc is an example of a…
micromeneral
A fatty acid with a single double bond between two carbons is considered what of fat?
Monounsaturated
Vitamin A
Fat soluble
Vitamin C
Water soluble
Vitamin B12
Water soluble
Vitamin K
Fat soluble
Vitamin E
Fat soluble
Cholesterol is a lipid that is soluble in blood
False
What are the basic components of proteins?
Amino acid
What breaks down dietary fiber?
Bacterial fermentation
What type of animal can degrade fiber and use it for a main source of energy?
Ruminants
What 2 laboratory animals species require vitamin C in the diet because they cannot synthesize it in their body?
Guinea pig
Nonhuman Primate
What two species require supplementation of their diet with taurine?
Ferrets and cats
What carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together?
Maltose
Organic acids consisting of a chain of hydrocarbons are __________.
fatty acids
What is the most abundant protein found in a mammal?
Collagen
What enzyme works with gastric acid to break down protein in the digestive system?
Pepsin
An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in which of the following diseases?
Atherosclerosis
