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LATG Practice Questions > Chapter 17 Anesthesia and Analgesia > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Anesthesia and Analgesia Flashcards

1
Q

What best defines nociceptors?

A

Specialized nerve endings in tissues that transmit signals to the brain

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2
Q

Effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers:

A
  • Reduced anxiety
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Muscle relaxation
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3
Q

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers do not have analgesic properties.

A

True

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4
Q

The same drug must be used for the induction and maintenance phases of anesthesia administration.

A

False

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5
Q

Xylazine is a sedative that has an analgesic effect.

A

True

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6
Q

How are dose rates generally expressed?

A

mg/kg

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7
Q

During a routine fast before a surgery, an animal should not be allowed to have water.

A

False: During the fasting period, all animals should have water available ad libitum, unless removal is required and outlined in the approved protocol.

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8
Q

What are the phases of anesthetic administration?

A

Induction, maintenance, and recovery

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9
Q

What stage of the anesthesia should be attained before surgery on an animals begins?

A

Stage 3

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10
Q

It is often necessary to dilute a drug needed for smaller animals like rodents.

A

True

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11
Q

What is included in an anesthesia plan?

A
  • Response to anesthetic emergencies
  • Animal monitoring techniques
  • Administration of the anesthetic
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12
Q

What route can be used to give anesthetics “to effect”?

A

Intravenous (IV)

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13
Q

Effects of Xylazine:

A

Analgesia
Lower blood pressure
Sedation

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines are used mostly in smaller animals such as rodents

A

False

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15
Q

What type of drug can reverse the effect of another drug?

A

Antagonist

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16
Q

Stage 2 of anesthesia is sometime bypassed due to the action of the anesthetic.

A

True

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17
Q

An institution’s guidelines for routine drug uses and doses are usually obtained from the manufacturers’ labels.

A

False: it comes from the veterinarians

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18
Q

Possible effect of a preanesthetic treatment:

A
  • Provide pain relief
  • Make the animal drowsy
  • Decrease apprehension
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19
Q

What drug can be used to reverse the effects for xylazine?

A

Yohimbine

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20
Q

Drugs are generally available in only one concentration.

A

False: Many drugs are available in more than one concentration

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21
Q

What drug is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer?

A

Diazepam

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22
Q

Benzodiazepines should not be used in animals with heart disease.

A

False: Has minimal effects on the cardiovascular system, so they are safe for use in animals with heart disease.

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23
Q

It is generally recommended to preform a preoperative blood test on rodents.

A

False: surgery is usually done on young adult rabbits and rodents and outbreaks of disease are uncommon but a physical exam should be done prior to surgery

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24
Q

If a dose of an anesthetic is to small, the animal may feel pain during the procedure.

A

True

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25
Q

If a rabbit is to undergo gastic surgery, it should be fasted for 12 hours prior to the procedure.

A

False: 3-4 is sufficient and recommended

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26
Q

What type of drug decreases saliva production?

A

Anticholinergic

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27
Q

Some preanesthetics also provide postoperative analgesia

A

True

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28
Q

Stage 4 of general anesthesia can appropriately be considered an overdose of the anesthetic.

A

True

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29
Q

Phenothiazine tranquilizers can make blood vessels easier to locate.

A

True

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30
Q

All animals should be routinely fasted before anesthesia.

A

False

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31
Q

Phenothiazine tranquilizers can be used as analgesics.

A

False

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32
Q

An anesthesia plan is included in an animal use protocol.

A

True

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33
Q

What is the one precaution that must be considered when using urethane as an anesthetic agent?

A

It must be used with protective equipment

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34
Q

Pharmaceutical grade tribromoethanol is no longer available commercially in the US.

A

True

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35
Q

Why is alpha-chloralose used in experiments on animal physiology?

A

It does not depress the respiratory or cardiovascular systems.

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36
Q

Local anesthetics mildly affect an animal’s central nervous system.

A

False

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37
Q

What drug is a dissociative agent?

A

Ketamine

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38
Q

Adding an analgesic sedative to ketamine administration has what effect?

A

It prevents muscle rigidity

39
Q

Isoflurane has a lower cost than sevoflurane.

A

True

40
Q

What is another name for neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

Paralytic drugs

41
Q

Some injectable anesthetics are controlled substances.

A

True

42
Q

By what factor are barbiturate agents classified?

A

Duration of action

43
Q

What group is the only one that can be administered tribromoethanol?

A

Transgenic mice

44
Q

Inhalant anesthetics are liquid agents that are vaporized.

A

True

45
Q

What must be used in conjunction with neuromuscular blockers during surgical procedures?

A

An anesthetic drug

46
Q

Isoflurane has a quicker recovery time that sevoflurane.

A

False

47
Q

Tribromoethanol should not be stored in the presence of heat or light.

A

True

48
Q

Open bottles of propofol should be discarded after 24 hours.

A

False: The manufacturer’s recommendation is to discard opened bottles after 6 hours.

49
Q

Bupivicaine has a faster onset of action that lidocaine.

A

Lidocaine has a faster onset of action, and bupivicaine has a longer duration of action.

50
Q

Bupivicaine has a longer duration of action than lidocaine.

A

True

51
Q

What is a common anesthetic for use with fish and amphibians?

A

Tricaine methanesulfonate.

52
Q

Color coding for tanks holding medical gasses is required by the FDA.

A

False

53
Q

Sevoflurane has a faster onset of action than isoflurane.

A

True

54
Q

When using a neuromuscular blocker, the palpebral reflex can be used to check that the animal has reached the correct stage of anesthesia.

A

False: Since reflexes are elminated by the paralytic drug, other parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure must be used to monitor the animal’s condition.

55
Q

Medical grade air is 21% oxygen.

A

True

56
Q

Tricaine methanesulfonate is used as a euthanizing agent for many aquatic species.

A

True

57
Q

Inhalant anesthetics are passed out of the body chemically unchanged

A

True

58
Q

In rebreathing machines, the size of th rebreathing bag should be determined by what?

A

The size of the animal

59
Q

Nonrebreathing systems are cheaper to use.

A

False: Nonrebreathing circuits cost more to use and so are typically reserved for use in small animals only

60
Q

One branch of the Y-shaped tubing on a nonrebreathing system carries oxygen, and the other branch carries the anesthetic gas.

A

False: One branch of tubing carries both oxygen and the anesthetic gas and the other branch carries exhaled gases.

61
Q

What is the role of the pop-off valve in a rebreathing system?

A

It prevents the animal’s lung from overinflating.

62
Q

A slight odor from waste anesthetic gases is safe and acceptable.

A

False

63
Q

The pop-off valve should be set at the minimum setting necessary to keep the rebreathing bag partially inflated.

A

True

64
Q

If pressure in the circuit becomes too great, the animal’s lungs could rupture.

A

True

65
Q

On what part of a rebreathing anesthesia system can the pressure of the oxygen tank be read?

A

Pressure gauge

66
Q

Shutting off the flow meter on a rebreathing anesthesia system stops the flow of oxygen completely.

A

False: It does not always stop the flow completely. When no longer in use, oxygen should be shut off at the tank.

67
Q

A charcoal filter canister can be used as a passive scavenging method to collect waste anesthetic gases.

A

True

68
Q

When using a rebreathing system, carbon dioxide must be removed before an animal rebreathes any exhaled gases.

A

True

69
Q

What anesthetic gas can produce a compound that may be toxic to the kidneys when it passes through a soda lime canister?

A

Sevoflurane

70
Q

Endotracheal intubation of rodents is rarely done because of the risk of injuring the animal’s trachea.

A

False

71
Q

Check valves on each branch of tubing on a nonrebreathing system allow the flow of gas in one direction only.

A

True

72
Q

The pressure gauge on an O2 tank provides a good approximation of the amount of gas remaining in the tank.

A

True

73
Q

If an anesthesia machine is used infrequently, water may collect in the carbon dioxide absobent canister and cause corrosion.

A

True

74
Q

The pressure-limiting (pop-off) valve should be closed before flushing an anesthesia system with oxygen.

A

False: should be open

75
Q

If you are anesthetizing a 5 kg dog using a rebreathing system, what capacity would you choose for the rebreathing bag?

A

600 ml

76
Q

Use of a nose cone and an activated charcoal canister is an effective scavener system for rodents.

A

True

77
Q

Chambers can be used to anesthetize animals as large as cats and rabbits before intubation.

A

True

78
Q

The same vaporizer can be used for all anesthetic gases.

A

False

79
Q

Rabbits should be intubated before being placed into an induction chamber.

A

False

80
Q

A nonrebreathing system is usually used for cats.

A

True

81
Q

When using nonrebreathing anesthesia systems, what of the following reaches the animal’s lungs?

A

Only the anesthetic gas

82
Q

For assisted ventilation, the pressure-limiting (pop-off) valve is closed, the rebreathing bag squeezed, and the valve re-opened.

A

True

83
Q

The function of the expandable cuff of the endotracheal tube is to allow the gas to flow through around the tube.

A

False: the purpose of the cuff is to seal the tube against the wall of the trachea and prevent leakage of gas.

84
Q

A mask can successfully maintain an animal on a gas anesthetic without being intubated.

A

True

85
Q

Ceiling exhaust fans are the most effective and efficient means of removing waste anesthetic gases.

A

False

86
Q

Which reflex is maintained if ketamine is the sole anesthetic agent used?

A

Laryngeal

87
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of an anesthesia induction chamber?

A

Inlet and outlet ports connected to an anesthesia machine

88
Q

Which term would you use to describe the effect of a combination of a phenothiazine tranquilizer and an anesthetic?

A

Additive

89
Q

What is a characteristic of the respiratory pattern of surgical anesthesia?

A

Breathing initiated in the thoracic-abdominal area

90
Q

Xylazine is which type of drug?

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

91
Q

What is the tidal volume for most laboratory animals?

A

15-20 ml/kg

92
Q

An anesthetic log should be kept for each animal. How often should vital parameters be recorded?

A

Every 5 -10 minutes

93
Q

What does an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector measure?

A

Blood pressure

94
Q

What drugs are opioid antagonists?

A

Nalorphine and naloxone

LATG Practice Questions (22 decks)

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