Unit 2: Topic 4: Expansion in the Cape Colony and the Second Boer War Flashcards
1
Q
When was the 2nd Boer war?
A
1899-1902
2
Q
What is the 2nd Boer war sometimes called?
A
Just the Boer War
3
Q
When did Europeans discover gold at the Rand in Witswatersrand in the Transvaal sparking a goldrush?
A
1886
4
Q
What strategic advances had the Boers made that made the Transvaal appeal more?
A
- Extended to Swaziland
- Had a railway network to the Portuguese port Lourenco Marques
5
Q
Who owned most of the Transvaal’s wealth?
A
Rand Millionaires (British and German goldmine owners)
6
Q
When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?
A
- 1904-1910
- Coolies
- 60,000
7
Q
Which historian came up with the theory the 2nd Boer war was a ‘conspiracy of financiers’?
A
J.A Hobson
8
Q
When was the Jameson raid?
A
December 1895
9
Q
How many troops in the Jameson raid were forced to surrendor after how long?
A
500 troops forced to surrendor after 4 days
10
Q
Who led the Jameson Raid?
A
Dr Leander Starr Jameson
11
Q
How did the numbers of uitlanders increase in the Transvaal?
A
- 1886- 30,000 (mostly Cornish) miners due to gold rush
- 1896- 44,000
12
Q
What voting rules were established for Uitlanders before the 2nd Boer War?
A
- Had to have 14 years residency
- Had to be over 40
- Still had to pay tax even if couldn’t vote
- Despite British allowing Boers to vote in Cape Colony under much more leniant terms
13
Q
Which English Uitlander was shot by Transvaal Police sparking outrage and when?
A
Tom Edgar- December 1898
14
Q
When was Cecil Rhodes Prime Minister of the Cape Colony?
A
1890-1896
15
Q
What position was Alfred Milner appointed to before the Boer war and when?
A
High Commissioner for Southern Africa- 1897
16
Q
When did Kruger secure a 4th term as Transvaal president reflecting Boer nationalism and increasing British fears?
A
1898
17
Q
When was the Bloemfontein Conference?
A
May-June 1899
18
Q
Who was the Colonial Secretary during the Boer wars?
A
Joseph Chamberlain of the Liberal party
19
Q
What terms did Milner and Kruger suggest at the Bloemfontein Conference?
A
- Milner- 5 years until Uitlander voting rights
- Kruger- 7 years in return for full control of Swaziland
20
Q
When did Kruger issue an ultimatum to British troops stationed at the Natal- Transvaal border?
A
9th October 1899
21
Q
When was the Bloemfontein conference?
A
May-June 1899
22
Q
When did the British move a large number of troops to the Natal- Transvaal border?
A
9th October 1899
23
Q
When did the Boers ultimatum expire and the 2nd Anglo Boer War begin?
A
12th October 1899
24
Q
How many troops did the British and Boers have?
A
- Boers- 60,000
- British- 400,000
25
Who were British troops led by?
Generals Lord Kitchener and Lord Roberts
26
How many British and Boer soldeirs were tehre in the first Boer offensive- 12th October 1899?
* 30,000 Boers
* 10,000 British
27
How many British were killed, wounded or captured in 'black week' in Phase 1 of the Boer war where the Boers achieved success?
3,000
28
How many men did the British send as reinforcements and when?
180,000 in January 1900- largest force Britain had ever sent overseas.
29
When did the British capture Johannesburg and Pretoria?
* May 1900- Johannesburg
* June 1900- Pretoria (Capital of the Transvaal)
30
When did the Boers surrender?
April 1902
31
When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?
31st May 1902
32
When was the 'Khaki Election' and who won?
1900- Conservatives under Lord Salisbury won
33
When was Milner made governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony?
June 1902
34
Which historian argued the word imperialism changed from positive to negative?
Richard Koebner
35
Which individual argued in 1902 that imperialism endangered Britain creating resentment for no real gain?
J.A Hobson
36
When did Alfred Milner allow 'Coolies' to be imported into gold mines by Rand Millionaires?
1904
37
When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?
* 1904-1910
* Coolies
* 60,000 imported at Witswatersrand gold mines
38
When was Milner recalled by the British government after the 'coolie' scandal?
1905
39
When was the General Election after the Boer War and who won?
* 1906
* Henry Campbell- Bannerman
* Liberals won by landslide- largest Conservative loss ever
40
Name examples of imperialist pressure groups.
* The Imperial Maritime League
* Robert Baden-Powells Girl Guides and Boy Scouts
41
What were British expectations of the Boer war vs. realities?
| Hint: 3 points
* Expected to last 3-4 months but lasted 3 years
* Expected to send 75,000 troops but sended 400,000
* Expected £10 million in costs but cost £250 million
42
How many British troops vs Boer troops died?
* 22,000 British
* 6,000 Boer
43
How many British soldiers died from disease?
16,000- 3 times more than died in battle
44
When were military and social reforms introduced with a focus of National Efficiency?
1906
45
Which reforms reformed the navy after the Boer war?
* 1904 Fisher Refroms
* Built Dreadnoughts
46
What force was set up after the Boer war as part of military reforms?
1907- British Expeditionary Force- designed to quickly enter overseas battle
47
When was the Anglo-Japanese alliance?
1902
48
When was the Anglo-French entente?
1904
49
When was the Anglo-Russian Convention?
1907
50
When did Anglo-German relations begin to break down?
1899- after the Jameson Raid and Kruger telegram
51
When were dominions established (roughly)?
1907
52
When was New Zealand made a dominion?
1907
53
What organisation was set up to discuss constitutional disputes between British and the Dominions meaning the British could be outvoted by the Dominions?
The Imperial Conference
54
When was the Union of South Africa established?
1910
55
Who signed the Treaty of Vereeniging?
Milner and Kitchener
56
When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?
31st May 1902
57
How many Boer farms were destroyed by Kitchener's scorched earth policy?
30,000
58
How much compensation was granted to the Boers after the Boer war?
£3 million
59
At the end of the Boer war how many people were still living in concentration camps?
120,000
60
How many people had died in concentration camps during the second Boer war?
* 26,000 Boers
* 14,000 Bantu
61
Which organisation was founded as a language union to promote Afrikaans over English and when?
1903- Taalbond
62
Which Boer political organisations were formed after the 2nd Boer War?
* 1905- Het Volk- Transvaal
* 1906- Orangia Unie- Orange Free State
63
When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?
31st May 1902
64
When was Milner appointed Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony?
June 1902
65
# When
When did Milner agree to import Chinese 'coolies'?
1904
66
When was Milner recalled by the British government?
1905
67
When were the Boer states granted self-government?
* Transvaal- 1906
* Orange River Colony- 1907
68
Which party won the 1907 Transvaal election?
The Afrikaner Her Volk Party
69
When was the Union of South Africa established?
1910
70
Who became the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa?
Louis Botha- a leading Guerilla in the Boer War
71
72
When did Europeans discover gold at the Rand in Witswatersrand in the Transvaal sparking a goldrush?
1886
73
What strategic advances had the Boers made that made the Transvaal appeal more?
* Extended to Swaziland
* Had a railway network to the Portuguese port Lourenco Marques
74
Who owned most of the Transvaal's wealth?
Rand Millionaires (British and German goldmine owners)
75
Where did Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes have a mine?
In the Rand goldfield (one of the Rand Millionaires)
76
When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?
* 1904-1910
* Coolies
* 60,000 imported at Witswatersrand gold mines
77
When was Liberal Joseph Chamerlain Colonial Secretary?
1895-1903
78
Who was the concept of a South African Confederation first introduced by?
Colonial Secreatary Lord Carnarvon
79
Who was the concept of a British Confederation of South Africa vigorously advocated for by in the 1890s?
Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes
Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain
80
When was the Jameson raid?
December 1895
81
How did the numbers of uitlanders increase in the Transvaal?
* 1886- 30,000 (mostly Cornish) miners due to gold rush
* 1896- 44,000
82
What voting rules were established for Uitlanders before the 2nd Boer War?
* Had to have 14 years residency
* Had to be over 40
* Still had to pay tax
83
When did the Uitlanders seek help from Cecil Rhodes over their voting rights?
1895
84
Who took part in the Jameson raid?
500 British South Africa Company troops led by Dr Leander Starr Jameson
85
How long did it take for Jamesons troops to surrendor in the Jameson raid?
4 days
86
Who was imprisoned by British Courts after the Jameson Raid?
Jameson and 12 companions
87
What was the name of the anti-British sentiment that grew after the Jameson raid?
Afrikaner bond
88
What did the Germans send in response to the Jameson raid?
The Kruger telegram
89
When was Jameson Prime Minister of the Cape Colony?
1904-1908
90
When was the Bloemfontein Conference?
May-June 1899
91
What position was Alfred Milner appointed to before the Boer war and when?
High Commissioner for Southern Africa- 1897
92
When did British troops gather near the Natal-Transvaal border and the Boers send an ultimatum?
9th October 1899
93
How many troops took part in the 2nd Boer War?
400,000
94
Who led British troops in the 2nd Boer War?
Generals Kitchener and Roberts
95
How much did the 2nd Boer War cost?
£250 million
96
When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?
31st May 1902
97
When were the Boer states granted self-government?
* Transvaal- 1906
* Orange River Colony- 1907
98
When was the Union of South Africa established?
1910
