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AQA A Level History- IJ The British Empire c.1857-1967 > Unit 2: Topic 4: Expansion in the Cape Colony and the Second Boer War > Flashcards

Unit 2: Topic 4: Expansion in the Cape Colony and the Second Boer War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the 2nd Boer war?

A

1899-1902

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2
Q

What is the 2nd Boer war sometimes called?

A

Just the Boer War

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3
Q

When did Europeans discover gold at the Rand in Witswatersrand in the Transvaal sparking a goldrush?

A

1886

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4
Q

What strategic advances had the Boers made that made the Transvaal appeal more?

A
  • Extended to Swaziland
  • Had a railway network to the Portuguese port Lourenco Marques
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5
Q

Who owned most of the Transvaal’s wealth?

A

Rand Millionaires (British and German goldmine owners)

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6
Q

When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?

A
  • 1904-1910
  • Coolies
  • 60,000
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7
Q

Which historian came up with the theory the 2nd Boer war was a ‘conspiracy of financiers’?

A

J.A Hobson

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8
Q

When was the Jameson raid?

A

December 1895

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9
Q

How many troops in the Jameson raid were forced to surrendor after how long?

A

500 troops forced to surrendor after 4 days

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10
Q

Who led the Jameson Raid?

A

Dr Leander Starr Jameson

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11
Q

How did the numbers of uitlanders increase in the Transvaal?

A
  • 1886- 30,000 (mostly Cornish) miners due to gold rush
  • 1896- 44,000
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12
Q

What voting rules were established for Uitlanders before the 2nd Boer War?

A
  • Had to have 14 years residency
  • Had to be over 40
  • Still had to pay tax even if couldn’t vote
  • Despite British allowing Boers to vote in Cape Colony under much more leniant terms
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13
Q

Which English Uitlander was shot by Transvaal Police sparking outrage and when?

A

Tom Edgar- December 1898

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14
Q

When was Cecil Rhodes Prime Minister of the Cape Colony?

A

1890-1896

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15
Q

What position was Alfred Milner appointed to before the Boer war and when?

A

High Commissioner for Southern Africa- 1897

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16
Q

When did Kruger secure a 4th term as Transvaal president reflecting Boer nationalism and increasing British fears?

A

1898

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17
Q

When was the Bloemfontein Conference?

A

May-June 1899

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18
Q

Who was the Colonial Secretary during the Boer wars?

A

Joseph Chamberlain of the Liberal party

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19
Q

What terms did Milner and Kruger suggest at the Bloemfontein Conference?

A
  • Milner- 5 years until Uitlander voting rights
  • Kruger- 7 years in return for full control of Swaziland
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20
Q

When did Kruger issue an ultimatum to British troops stationed at the Natal- Transvaal border?

A

9th October 1899

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21
Q

When was the Bloemfontein conference?

A

May-June 1899

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22
Q

When did the British move a large number of troops to the Natal- Transvaal border?

A

9th October 1899

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23
Q

When did the Boers ultimatum expire and the 2nd Anglo Boer War begin?

A

12th October 1899

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24
Q

How many troops did the British and Boers have?

A
  • Boers- 60,000
  • British- 400,000
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25
Q

Who were British troops led by?

A

Generals Lord Kitchener and Lord Roberts

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26
Q

How many British and Boer soldeirs were tehre in the first Boer offensive- 12th October 1899?

A
  • 30,000 Boers
  • 10,000 British
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27
Q

How many British were killed, wounded or captured in ‘black week’ in Phase 1 of the Boer war where the Boers achieved success?

A

3,000

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28
Q

How many men did the British send as reinforcements and when?

A

180,000 in January 1900- largest force Britain had ever sent overseas.

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29
Q

When did the British capture Johannesburg and Pretoria?

A
  • May 1900- Johannesburg
  • June 1900- Pretoria (Capital of the Transvaal)
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30
Q

When did the Boers surrender?

A

April 1902

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31
Q

When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?

A

31st May 1902

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32
Q

When was the ‘Khaki Election’ and who won?

A

1900- Conservatives under Lord Salisbury won

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33
Q

When was Milner made governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony?

A

June 1902

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34
Q

Which historian argued the word imperialism changed from positive to negative?

A

Richard Koebner

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35
Q

Which individual argued in 1902 that imperialism endangered Britain creating resentment for no real gain?

A

J.A Hobson

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36
Q

When did Alfred Milner allow ‘Coolies’ to be imported into gold mines by Rand Millionaires?

A

1904

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37
Q

When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?

A
  • 1904-1910
  • Coolies
  • 60,000 imported at Witswatersrand gold mines
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38
Q

When was Milner recalled by the British government after the ‘coolie’ scandal?

A

1905

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39
Q

When was the General Election after the Boer War and who won?

A
  • 1906
  • Henry Campbell- Bannerman
  • Liberals won by landslide- largest Conservative loss ever
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40
Q

Name examples of imperialist pressure groups.

A
  • The Imperial Maritime League
  • Robert Baden-Powells Girl Guides and Boy Scouts
41
Q

What were British expectations of the Boer war vs. realities?

Hint: 3 points

A
  • Expected to last 3-4 months but lasted 3 years
  • Expected to send 75,000 troops but sended 400,000
  • Expected £10 million in costs but cost £250 million
42
Q

How many British troops vs Boer troops died?

A
  • 22,000 British
  • 6,000 Boer
43
Q

How many British soldiers died from disease?

A

16,000- 3 times more than died in battle

44
Q

When were military and social reforms introduced with a focus of National Efficiency?

A

1906

45
Q

Which reforms reformed the navy after the Boer war?

A
  • 1904 Fisher Refroms
  • Built Dreadnoughts
46
Q

What force was set up after the Boer war as part of military reforms?

A

1907- British Expeditionary Force- designed to quickly enter overseas battle

47
Q

When was the Anglo-Japanese alliance?

A

1902

48
Q

When was the Anglo-French entente?

A

1904

49
Q

When was the Anglo-Russian Convention?

A

1907

50
Q

When did Anglo-German relations begin to break down?

A

1899- after the Jameson Raid and Kruger telegram

51
Q

When were dominions established (roughly)?

A

1907

52
Q

When was New Zealand made a dominion?

A

1907

53
Q

What organisation was set up to discuss constitutional disputes between British and the Dominions meaning the British could be outvoted by the Dominions?

A

The Imperial Conference

54
Q

When was the Union of South Africa established?

A

1910

55
Q

Who signed the Treaty of Vereeniging?

A

Milner and Kitchener

56
Q

When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?

A

31st May 1902

57
Q

How many Boer farms were destroyed by Kitchener’s scorched earth policy?

A

30,000

58
Q

How much compensation was granted to the Boers after the Boer war?

A

£3 million

59
Q

At the end of the Boer war how many people were still living in concentration camps?

A

120,000

60
Q

How many people had died in concentration camps during the second Boer war?

A
  • 26,000 Boers
  • 14,000 Bantu
61
Q

Which organisation was founded as a language union to promote Afrikaans over English and when?

A

1903- Taalbond

62
Q

Which Boer political organisations were formed after the 2nd Boer War?

A
  • 1905- Het Volk- Transvaal
  • 1906- Orangia Unie- Orange Free State
63
Q

When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?

A

31st May 1902

64
Q

When was Milner appointed Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony?

A

June 1902

65
Q

When

When did Milner agree to import Chinese ‘coolies’?

A

1904

66
Q

When was Milner recalled by the British government?

A

1905

67
Q

When were the Boer states granted self-government?

A
  • Transvaal- 1906
  • Orange River Colony- 1907
68
Q

Which party won the 1907 Transvaal election?

A

The Afrikaner Her Volk Party

69
Q

When was the Union of South Africa established?

A

1910

70
Q

Who became the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa?

A

Louis Botha- a leading Guerilla in the Boer War

71
Q
A
72
Q

When did Europeans discover gold at the Rand in Witswatersrand in the Transvaal sparking a goldrush?

A

1886

73
Q

What strategic advances had the Boers made that made the Transvaal appeal more?

A
  • Extended to Swaziland
  • Had a railway network to the Portuguese port Lourenco Marques
74
Q

Who owned most of the Transvaal’s wealth?

A

Rand Millionaires (British and German goldmine owners)

75
Q

Where did Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes have a mine?

A

In the Rand goldfield (one of the Rand Millionaires)

76
Q

When were Chinese labouers imported into South Africa, what were they called and how many were there?

A
  • 1904-1910
  • Coolies
  • 60,000 imported at Witswatersrand gold mines
77
Q

When was Liberal Joseph Chamerlain Colonial Secretary?

A

1895-1903

78
Q

Who was the concept of a South African Confederation first introduced by?

A

Colonial Secreatary Lord Carnarvon

79
Q

Who was the concept of a British Confederation of South Africa vigorously advocated for by in the 1890s?

A

Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes
Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain

80
Q

When was the Jameson raid?

A

December 1895

81
Q

How did the numbers of uitlanders increase in the Transvaal?

A
  • 1886- 30,000 (mostly Cornish) miners due to gold rush
  • 1896- 44,000
82
Q

What voting rules were established for Uitlanders before the 2nd Boer War?

A
  • Had to have 14 years residency
  • Had to be over 40
  • Still had to pay tax
83
Q

When did the Uitlanders seek help from Cecil Rhodes over their voting rights?

A

1895

84
Q

Who took part in the Jameson raid?

A

500 British South Africa Company troops led by Dr Leander Starr Jameson

85
Q

How long did it take for Jamesons troops to surrendor in the Jameson raid?

A

4 days

86
Q

Who was imprisoned by British Courts after the Jameson Raid?

A

Jameson and 12 companions

87
Q

What was the name of the anti-British sentiment that grew after the Jameson raid?

A

Afrikaner bond

88
Q

What did the Germans send in response to the Jameson raid?

A

The Kruger telegram

89
Q

When was Jameson Prime Minister of the Cape Colony?

A

1904-1908

90
Q

When was the Bloemfontein Conference?

A

May-June 1899

91
Q

What position was Alfred Milner appointed to before the Boer war and when?

A

High Commissioner for Southern Africa- 1897

92
Q

When did British troops gather near the Natal-Transvaal border and the Boers send an ultimatum?

A

9th October 1899

93
Q

How many troops took part in the 2nd Boer War?

A

400,000

94
Q

Who led British troops in the 2nd Boer War?

A

Generals Kitchener and Roberts

95
Q

How much did the 2nd Boer War cost?

A

£250 million

96
Q

When was the Treaty of Vereeniging signed?

A

31st May 1902

97
Q

When were the Boer states granted self-government?

A
  • Transvaal- 1906
  • Orange River Colony- 1907
98
Q

When was the Union of South Africa established?

A

1910

AQA A Level History- IJ The British Empire c.1857-1967 (13 decks)

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