Unit 1: Topic 5: Trade and Commerce Flashcards
Where did Britain as the world’s largest consumer market get its goods?
- Tropical plantations- West Indies, Malayan Straits, West Africa
- Minerals and wool- Australia
- Cotton- India
- Timber and wheat- Canada
Who came up with the theory of free trade, where did they say it and what did it say?
Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations- wealth indefinitely expandable and freedom maximises prosperity.
When was the Treaty of Nanking?
1842
When was the Treaty of Tientisin?
1858
How many imports and exports came from the empire to Britain in 1875.
1875- 20% imports, 1/3 exports
Which British currency became the main international currency?
The sterling
When was the colonial conference discussing whether there should be special trading preferences within the empire?
1887
When did Canada and Australia begin to put tariffs against British imports?
1860s
When did Clipper ships become popular?
1860s
When was steamships first used?
1850s
What was the first type of engine that made steamships more viable reducing the amount of coal needed to power them?
Compound steam engine
What engine further increased the efficiency of steamships and when?
Triple expansion steam engine- 1870s- more steamships inland
What does HECT stand for in terms of what railways did for settler colonies?
- Harsh Lands
- Exports
- Commercial Reach
- Territories
What was the first African railway?
The West African railway in Zanzibar
When and where were canals developed in Canada?
- After 1867
- Developed canals around the Great Lakes seaway system and built Welland Canal
How did the value of British exports increase after the increase in free trade?
- 1845- £60 million
- 8169-£190 million
Describe the value of British exports and imports in different countries?
- Australia- 1/2 exports and imports from Britain
- Canada- 1/2 exports and 1/4 imports
- South Africa- 4/5 exports, 3/5 imports
- India- 1/4 exports and 1/2 imports
How much wool did Australia export to Britain?
£400 million worth- 60% of wool exports- in 1886
What goods did tropical colonies produce?
(Hint: 6 products)
Sugar, coffe, cocoa, groundnuts, copra and palm oil
What is a major plantation established in India and when was it established?
1870s- Arthur Halls plantation in Nelliampathy, Kerela
How did tea plantations increase in India after the Indian mutiny?
- 1851- 1 plantation
- 1872- 295 plantations
Which countries produced tea and coffee?
Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India and British East Africa
Which countries produced rubber and palm oil?
Malaya and North Borneo
Which countries produced sugar?
Mauritius, Natal, Figi and Queensland (Australia)
