Unit 1: Topic 2: India Flashcards
Who was the governor general who introduced Westernisation into India- making English the official language and outlawing religious customs?
Lord Bentick 1828-35
Who was the governor general who promoted Christianity and disregarded Indian customs introducing the Doctrine of Lapse?
Lord Dalhousie- 1848- 56
Who rebelled before the main Indian mutiny and when?
Mangal Pandey- March 1857- attacked an officer
When and where did the Indian mutiny start and who was involved?
10th May 1857- began at Meerut- 85 members of the 3rd Bengal light cavalry refused to use rifles so were imprisoned- broken free by comrades and turned on officers.
Who raised an army to defend her land from the British during the Indian mutiny?
Rani of Jhansi
When was the Cawnpore Massacre and who caused it?
June 27th 1857, Nana Sahib
Who was involved in the Canpore massacre and where did it occur?
- Major General Sir Hugh Wheeler surrendored to Nana Sahib
- 200 women and children massacred
- Occured at the Bibhigar complex.
What was the battle in which British won against the rebels?
The Battle of Gwailor- June 1858
When was the government of India act?
1858
When was the Delhi Durbar and Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India?
1877
Which Viceroy helped Disraeli with the Delhi Derbar?
Viceroy Robert Lytton in 1877
How did tea plantations increase in India after the Indian mutiny?
- 1851- 1 plantation
- 1872- 295 plantations
How many British troops were in the Indian army at the time of the Indian mutiny?
Fewer than 40,000
What was the ratio of Indian troops to British troops in the army by the 1880s?
- 1:2
- 70,000 British: 125,000 Indians
How many Bengali regiments were disbanded after the Indian rebellion?
62/74
How many Indian troops were deployed in the 2nd Opium war and when?
1859- 10,000
How many Indian troops were deployed to fight Arabi Pasha in 1882?
7,000
How much railway was laid in the decade after the Indian rebellion?
- 3,000 miles of railway
- 2 miles a day
When was the Government of India Act where the British government took control of India from the East India Company?
1858
Who controlled India from Britain?
The India office headed by the Secretary of State for India advised by the India council.
How many members were in the India Council?
15 members
Who was the first Viceroy of India and who did he take over from?
Viceroy Canning took over from Lord Dalhousie.
When was the Age of Consent Act and what did it dictate?
1891- raised age of statutory rape from 10 to 12 years old
When was the Indian Natioanl Congress formed?
1885
What was the name of the railway network through India?
The Great Railway Network.
According to the 1871 census how many Indians lived under British rule?
- 232 million under direct rule
- 63 million in Princely states
How many civil servants were there in the Indian civil service?
Around 1000.
How many members of the Indian civil service were Indian in 1890?
30
How many members were in the Legislative council and what were they responsible for?
- 5 members
- Finance, law, army and home affairs
Who represented teh Viceroy in the provinces?
Provincial Governors/ chief commissioners with their own legislative councils?
Who oversaw local councils and reported practical issues in India?
District officers
How many princely states were there?
565
How much of India did the Princes rule?
40%
When was the Doctrine of Lapse introduced and removed and who by?
- 1848- introduced by Governor- General Lord Dalhousie
- 1858- removed by Viceroy Curzon
When was the Delhi Derbhar and which viceroy was it run by?
1877- run by Viceroy Robert Lytton
When was Queen Victoria pronounced empress of India?
1st January 1877
How many provinces did the British rule?
- British ruled 8 large provinces
- Number of small provinces run by chief commissioners brough the number to 13
Who oversaw the running of princely states for the Viceroy?
- Residents- major princely states
- Agents- minor princely states
Where did Universities open in India in 1857?
Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
What was the main elite school in India?
Rajkumar college
How many students entered universities in the 30 years after 1857?
- 60,000 entered universities mostly in arts
- 2,000 entered law
What were the features of graduates in 1882?
- 1/3 entered government service- 1,100 appointments.
- Slightly more than 1/3 entered law
When did Mary Carpenter visit India and how many times did she visit?
Visited India 4 times 1866-1875
When did Mary Carpenter set up the National Indian Association?
1870
When did Viceroy Canning do his clemency tour of India?
1859-1861
When was Viceroy Canning Viceroy?
1858-62
When was the Great Famine?
1876-1878
How did tea plantations increase?
- 1851-1
- 1871- 295
How much land did the irrigation reforms impact?
6% of land mostly only where supported British commercial interest.
How much railway was built after the Indian Rebellion.
3,000 miles laid in the decade after the rebellion- 2 miles a day
When was the Ilbert Bill proposed leading to the ‘white mutiny’?
1883
When was the Indian National Congress’ first meeting?
December 1885
When was Viceroy Robert Lytton Viceroy?
1876-1880
When did Viceroy Lytton launch an invasion into Afghanistan?
November 1878
How many troops did Viceroy Lytton lose in his fight with Afghanistan?
1,000- double the Afghanistan losses
When was the treaty of Gandamak and what did it secure?
- 1879
- Secured the strategic North-West frontier in Afghanistan
