Unit 2: Topic 1: Expansion in Tropical Africa Flashcards
1
Q
When was the pro-imperialist conservative government elected?
A
1895
2
Q
When was the Berlin Conference?
A
1884-1885
3
Q
What was the impact of the Berlin Conference?
A
- 80% Africa uncolonised at the start
- 1900- 90% of Africa colonised
4
Q
When was Sierra Leone initially acquired and when was it established as a protectorate?
A
- 1808- initially aquired
- 1896- protectorate established
5
Q
When was Natal annexed?
A
1845
6
Q
How did settlement in the Gold Coast colony progress?
A
- 1821- initially aquired
- 1896- Ashanti empire made a British protectorate
- January 1902- Ashantiland incorperated into the Gold Coast
7
Q
When was Basutoland annexed?
A
1868
8
Q
When was West Griqualand annexed?
A
1871
9
Q
When was East Griqualand annexed?
A
1874
10
Q
How did settlement of the Transvaal progress?
A
- 1877- initially aquired
- August 1881- ceded to the Boers by the Convention o fPretoria
- May 1902- placed under the British empire by the Treaty of Vereeniging
- 1910- unified with the Cape Colony into the Union of South Africa
11
Q
How did the settlement of Zululand progress?
A
- 1879- initially acquired after Anglo-Zulu war
- 1897- incorperated into Natal
12
Q
How did the settlement of Egypt progress?
A
- 1882- initially acquired as a veiled protectorate
- 1914- Eygptian protectorate established
13
Q
How did the settlement of the Sudan progress?
A
- 1882- initially acquired as part of the veiled protectorate of Egypt
- 1885- British forces withdrew and the Mahdi took over
- 1899- Sudan a codominium of Britain and Egypt
14
Q
How did the settlement of Southern Nigeria progress?
A
- 1884- initially acquired at Berlin Conference after charted company influence
- 1906- Royal Niger Company Rule converted into a British colony with Lagos
- 1914- united Nigeria
15
Q
When was Bechuanaland annexed?
A
1885
16
Q
How did the settlement of Northern Nigeria progress?
A
- 1885- initially acquired
- 1906- Royal Niger Company rule converted into a Britihs colony incorperating the Sokoto empire
- 1914- Nigeria united
17
Q
How did the settlement of British Somaliland progress?
A
- 1887- protectorate established
- 1898- protectorate reinforced with administrative and military personnel
18
Q
When was the Gambia settlement established?
A
1888
19
Q
How did the settlement of Uganda progress?
A
- 1888- kingdom of Buganda initially aquired
- 1894- Imperial British East Africa company Rule converted into a formal protectorate
20
Q
How did the settlement of British East Africa progress?
A
- 1888- initially aquired
- 1895- imperial British East Africa Company rule converted into formal protectorate
21
Q
How did the settlement of Zanzibar progress?
A
- 1868-1886- John Kirk Vice Consul of the Sultanate of Zanzibar
- 1890- formal protectorate established under the rule of the Sultan of Oman
22
Q
How did the settlement of Nyasaland progress?
A
- 1891- initially acquired
- 1907- British South Africa Company rule converted into formal protectorate
23
Q
How did the settlement of Matabeleland progress?
A
- 1893- initially acquired
- 1895- incorperated into Rhodesia
24
Q
How did the settlement of Rhodesia progress?
A
- 1895- initially acquired
- 1901- Southern Rhodesia protectorate established under British South Africa Company administration.
- 1911- Northern Rhodesia protectorate established under British South Africa Company administration
25
Who came up with peripheral theory?
Historians Gallaghar, Robinson and Denney
26
When were the first 3 Anglo-Ashante Wars?
1823-1874
27
Who was the Ashanti emporer at the time of the 4th Anglo-Ashante war?
Empoeror Asantehene Prempeh
28
Which fine did the Emperor Asantehene Prempeh not pay providing an excuse to start the 4th Anglo-Ashante War?
50,000 ounces of gold
29
When was the fourth Anglo-Ashante war?
1894-1896
30
When did Indian forces from the Cape Colony arrive to fight the Ashante?
January 1896
31
Who led a force of African allies opposed to Ashanti rule?
Major Robert Baden- Powell
32
When was the 5th Anglo-Ashanti war (War of the Golden Stool)?
March-September 1900
33
Who sparked the 5th Ango-Ashanti war by sitting on the Golden Stool?
Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson
34
Who led the rebels against the British in the War of the Golden Stool?
Queen Mother of the Asantahene, Yaa Asantewaa
35
How many British and Ashanti soldiers died in the 5th Anglo-Ashante War?
* 1,000 British and allied soldiers
* 2,000 Ashanti
36
When was Ashantiland incorporated into the Gold Coast colony?
1902
37
When did the British gain a boundary agreement with France and extend the Sierra Leone territory to include the hinterland of the protectorate?
* 1885- boundary agreement with France
* 1896- extended Sierra Leone
38
Which indigenous leaders were opposed to Royal Niger Company rule?
The Northern Emirs
39
When did France start to get closer to the Upper Niger?
1890
40
Who was sent by George Goldies to secure treaties with indigenous chiefs in the Niger and when?
* Frederick Lugard
* 1894
41
Who was sent by the French to try and counter George Goldie's rule of the Niger by securing treaties?
Captain Decoeur
42
What force did the British government allow the Royal Niger Company to set up due to the threat of the French and who was it led by?
* West Africa Frontier Force
* Led by Frederick Lugard
43
Which British Prime Ministe created an agreement with France over the Niger due to fears for the Egyptian protectorate?
Lord Salisbury
44
Which agreement with France agreed to recognise British domination of Nigeria in return for British recognition of claims of France to Madagascar and when was it?
Niger Boundary Settlement- June 1898
45
When was the Royal Niger Company disbanded and how much did the government pay for its territories as part of a policy of changing informal spheres of influence into an African Empire?
1899
£865,000
46
When was North Nigeria established as a protectorate changing from Royal Niger company rule?
1900
47
When was South Nigeria established as a protectorate changing from Royal Niger company rule?
1906
48
When were North and South Nigeria united?
1914
49
When was the Heligoland-Zanzibar treaty signed between Britian and Germany establishing spheres of influence in East Africa and what were the terms?
* 1890
* British given Zanzibar
* Germany given Tanzania
50
Which puppet sultan did the British orignianlly instal to the throne of Zanzibar?
Sultan Hamoud bin Thuwani
51
Which Zanzibari Sultan died under suspicious circumstances and when?
* Sultan Hamoud bin Thuwani
* August 1896
52
Who was the cousin of Sultan Hamoud who tookover without British consent after the Sultan suspiciously died?
Sultan Khalid bin Barghash
53
How many troops did Khalid barricade himself with?
3,000
54
When was the Anglo-Zanzibar war and how long was it?
* August 1896
* 38 minutes
55
How many Zanzibari defenders (mostly civillians) died in teh Anglo-Zanzibar war?
500
56
Which Sultan was established by the British after the Anglo-Zanzibar war?
Sultan Hamud
57
Which groups fought often in Kenya?
The Mazrui and Muslim majority
58
When was the Berlin Conference?
1884-85
59
Which Kenyan leader started a rebellion against the British, when and how long was it?
Sheik Mbaruk bin Rahid, 1895, 9 months
60
When did Kenya become part of the Britiswh East African protectorate and when was it declared a colony?
* 1895- protectorate
* 1920- official British colony
61
When was British Somaliland established as a protectorate?
1888
62
When did the British send reinforcements to British Somaliland and why?
1898
To limit French and Italian competition
63
Which Ugandan King executed Christians, how many did he execute and when?
* King Mwanga
* 1886
* 30 Christians
64
When did King Mwanga sign a treaty with Lord Lugard on behalf of the Imperial British East Africa Company granting them powers over trade and administration and soveriegnity in return for British backing and being restored to power?
1890
65
When were the Imperial British East Africa Company's powers transferred to the Crown making Buganda a protectorate?
1894
66
When did King Mwanga rebel against British rule?
1897 and 1898
67
When did the British contruct the Uganda railway (the lunatic line)?
1896-1901
68
Where did the Uganda railway connect and how long was it?
The Mombasa coast to the fertile highlands
660 miles
69
How much did the Uganda railway cost to build and how many labourers died?
* £5 million to build
* 2,500 laboureres died
70
Give an example of an event where workers on the Uganda railway died and how many died?
Kedong massacre- 500 labourers killed by Masai warriors
71
Which Colonial Secretary supported the idea of building the Uganda railway?
Lord Chamberlain
72
When did General Gordon die in the Mahdist revolt against the Egyptian government in the Sudan?
January 1885
73
When did the Mahdi die and who took over from him?
June 1885
Khalifa Adullah
74
When did Conservative Lord Salisbury become Prime Minister after Gladstone with different views about Egypt?
1885
75
When did the Belgians agree to ced the Lado Enclave near the Sudan to Britain after King Leopold II died?
1896
76
When did the British gain the Lado Enclave?
1910
77
When were the Italians defeated by Ethiopian resistance removing the distraction protecting the British against Khalifa Abdullah?
1896
78
When was General Herbert Kitchener appointed to lead the Egyptian army and begin to prepare the Egyptians for war against the Sudanese and what was his title?
* 1896
* Commander in Chief of the Egyptian army
79
How many Egyptian forces were sent into the Sudan and who were they sent to defeat?
* 10,000
* The Dervishes
80
When were Maxim guns invented?
1884
81
When were Maxim guns first used against Indigenous Africans?
In the First Matabele War- 1893
82
When was the Battle of Omdurman?
1898
83
When did the British and Egyptians establish a condominium over the Sudan?
1899
84
Who became Governor General of Egypt after Sir Evelyn Baring and when?
Generap Reginald Wingate- 1902
85
When did the French pull out of the Sudan after the Fashoda incident due to French government fears of war with Britain?
1899
86
Who was appointed the first Governor-General of the Sudan?
Lord Kitchener
87
When did the British secure the Blue Nile waters for Egypt in an agreement with Ethiopia?
1902
88
When did the French led by Major Marchand send forces aiming to annex South Sudan to French West Africa consolidating French occupation of the area?
1897
89
Which French official led French forces during the Fashoda incident?
Major Jean-Baptise Marchand
90
When did Kitchener enter Khartoum after defeating the Dervishes?
1898
91
When did the Fashoda incident occur where Kitchener encountered Major Marchands forces at the fort of Fashoda on the Nile?
18th September 1898
92
When was the Entente Cordiale signed?
1904
93
When was the **Zanzibar** Heligoland treaty signed with Germany?
1890
94
When did the British South Africa Company take control of Nyasaland creating the **Central African Protectorate**?
1891
95
When was the 1st Matabele War securing **Matabeleland**?
1893-1894
96
When did the British government takeover **Uganda and Kenya** from the Imperial British East Africa Company?
1894
97
When was the 4th Anglo-Ashanti War securing **Ashanteland**?
1894-96
98
When was the 38 minute war in **Zanzibar**?
1896
99
When was the Boundary Settlement agreement between Britain and France over Nigerian borders?
1898
100
When was joint Condominiom by Britain and Egypt of the **Sudan** established?
1899
101
When did the **Transvaal and Orange Free State** become colonies?
102
When was the **Union of South Africa** established?
1910
