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AQA A Level History- IJ The British Empire c.1857-1967 > Unit 1: Topic 1: Africa > Flashcards

Unit 1: Topic 1: Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the American Civil War?

A

1861-65

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2
Q

When was the Long Depression?

A

1873-1896

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3
Q

When did Disraeli buy shares in the Suez Canal and how much did he buy them for?

A

1875- £4 million

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4
Q

When was West Griqualand annexed?

A

1871

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5
Q

When was the Transvaal annexed?

A

1877

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6
Q

When were diamonds discovered in Kimberly?

A

1867

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7
Q

What was William Mackinnons company called, when was it chartered and where did it operate?

A
  • Imperial British East Africa Company- 1888
  • Kenya and Uganda
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8
Q

When was the Franco-Prussian War and Germany united?

A

1871

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9
Q

When did Germany claim German South West Africa?

A

1884

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10
Q

When did the British annex Becuanaland?

A

1885

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11
Q

When was the Berlin Conference?

A

1884-1885

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12
Q

How many countries were involved in the Berlin Conference?

A

14 countries and the USA

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13
Q

Who did William Mackinnon compete with for influence?

A

German explorer Carl Peters.

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14
Q

What was the impact of the Berlin Conference?

A

1870- 10% of Africa colonised
1900- 90% of Africa colonised

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15
Q

By 1900 what were the only two free countries in Africa.

A

Liberia and Ethiopia

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16
Q

When was George Goldies company chartered, what was the name of the company and where did it have influence?

A
  • 1886- Royal Niger Company
  • West Africa and Nigeria
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17
Q

When did missionary John Mackenzie press to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland and what did he become?

A

1883
Deputy Commissioner

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18
Q

When did Livingstone return to England and give his lectures?

A

1856-57

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19
Q

What position did Bartle Frere have?

A

High Commissioner and Governor of the Cape Colony

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20
Q

Who originally planned to create a confederacy with the Boers?

A

Colonial Secretary Lord Carnarvon

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21
Q

When did the Anglo-Zulu war start?

A

December 1878

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22
Q

How many treaties did George Goldie secure?

A

Over 450

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23
Q

When did John Kirk go to Zanzibar and what was his title?

A

Vice Consul of the Sultanate of Zanzibar 1868-1886

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24
Q

Which Zanzibari Sultan did John Kirk influence and what land did he hand over to Mackinnon?

A
  • Sultan Bhargash
  • The Mombasa Coastal strip
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25
Q

When did Zanzibar become a protectorate?

A

1890

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26
Q

How much shorter was the Suez canal to India?

A

6000 miles

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27
Q

When was Egypt made a veiled protectorate?

A

1882

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28
Q

When was British Somaliland annexed?

A

1884

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29
Q

What base did British Somaliland supply with meat?

A

The Indian outpost at Aden.

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30
Q

Where did the British build forts along the coast?

A

Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia

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31
Q

When was the Brussels conference and who was it hosted by?

A

1876- King Leopold II of Belgium

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32
Q

What did the Brussels conference create and who was a key member of it?

A

Created an International African Association. British Explorere Henry Morgan Stanley played a key role.

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33
Q

How many treaties did Henry Morgan Stanley secure establishing Leopold IIs soveriegnity over the Congo?

A

Over 450

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34
Q

What did the International African Association change it’s name to and when?

A

International Association of the Congo- 1879

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35
Q

What explorers did countries hire to assert their authority over the Congo?

A
  • Belgium- Henry Morgan Stanley
  • France- Pierre de Brazza
  • Germany- Gustav Nachtigal
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36
Q

When were Maxim guns first used?

A

1884

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37
Q

What was the first African railway?

A

The West African railway in Zanzibar

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38
Q

When was Basutoland established as a protectorate by a treaty?

A

1868

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39
Q

When was West Griqualand annexed, and when was it absorbed into the Cape Colony?

A

1873, 1880

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40
Q

When was the Transvaal occupied?

A

1877

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41
Q

When was Zululand established as a protectorate and when was it annexed to Natal?

A

1879, 1887

42
Q

When were Egypt and the Sudan established as a veiled protectorate/ client state?

A

1882

43
Q

When was Southern Nigeria brought under Chartered Company rule?

A

1884

44
Q

When was the British Somaliland made a protectorate established by a treaty?

A

1884

45
Q

When was the Bechuanaland made a protectorate established by a treaty?

A

1885

46
Q

When did Northern Nigeria fall under chartered company rule?

A

1885

47
Q

When was a settlement established in Gambia?

A

1888

48
Q

When did British East Africa come under chartered company rule?

A

1888

49
Q

When did Uganda come on charted company rule?

A

1888

50
Q

What was the name of Cecil Rhodes’s company, when was it chartered and where did it operate?

A

British South Africa Company- 1889. Operated in South Africa- Cape Colony, Transvaal, Natal etc.

51
Q

Which anti Ottoman Egyptian leader did the French support?

A

Mohammed Ali

52
Q

When was the American Civil war?

A

1861-1865

53
Q

When did Khedive Is’mail Pasha come to power?

A

1863

54
Q

By the 1870s how many of Egypt’s imports came from Britain?

A

40%

55
Q

When was the Suez Canal opened?

A

1869.

56
Q

Who founded the Suez Canal company, when was it founded and how long was the company supposed to run the canal for?

A

French Ferdinand de Lessepps in 1858, ran the canal for 99 years

57
Q

How much shorter was the Suez canal as a route to India?

A

6000 miles shorter

58
Q

When did Disraeli buy shares in the Suez Canal and how much for?

A

1875, £4 million

59
Q

When was Khedive Isma’il Pasha deposed due to domestic and Anglo- Indian pressure?

A

1879

60
Q

Who was Khedive Isma’il Pasha replaced by and for how long did he rule?

A
  • Khedive Mohammad Tewfiq Pasha
  • 1879-1892
61
Q

What British official had huge influence over Khedive Tewfiq?

A

British Comissioner Lord Dufferin

62
Q

How much did Tewfiq reduce the Egyptian army by?

A

2/3

63
Q

Who led the Egyptian nationalist rebellion?

A

Colonel Arabi Pasha.

64
Q

How many Europeans were living in Egypt at the time of the nationalist rebellion?

A

100,000

65
Q

How many Europeans were killed by the rebellion and when?

A

June 1882- 50 Europeans

66
Q

When did the British Navy sent by Gladstone bomb Alexandria?

A

July 1882

67
Q

Who fought and defeated Arabi Pasha in Egypt and where did this happen?

A

Sir Garnet Wolseley defeated Arabi Pasha at Tel-el-Kebir

68
Q

Who became the British official in Egypt after the rebellion and what was their title?

A

Sir Evelyn Baring became Consul General.

69
Q

When was British control of Egypt confirmed?

A

1885- Convention of London- British negotiated loan for Egyptian government

70
Q

Who proclaimed himself the Mahdi and when?

A

June 1881- Muhammad Ahmad

71
Q

When was General Gordon sent from Britain? And what was he sent as?

A

1877- General Charles Gordon sent to act as Governor General of the Sudan until 1880.

72
Q

When did Gladstone order Gordon to evacuate Kartuom?

A

1884

73
Q

How long did Gordon hold out the siege?

A

313 days

74
Q

Who was the British Egyptian military expedition sent into the Sudan led by and what were their numbers?

A

Colonel William Hicks
Force of 8000

75
Q

How much did maintaining the garrisons in the Sudan cost Egypt a year?

A

£100,000

76
Q

When was the Egyptian force sent to defeat the Mahdi slaughtered and what were their numbers?

A

June 1882, force of 4,000

77
Q

When did the Mahdists take complete control of the area surrounding Khartoum?

A

1882

78
Q

When was William Hicks’s military expedition killed and how many survived?

A

Attacked November 1883. 8000 in the force but only 500 survived. Hicks died.

79
Q

When did Gladstone send an expedition to Khartoum to rescue Gordon and who was it led by

A

July 1884- led by Sor Garmet Wolseley. Arrived 2 days after Gordon had been killed.

80
Q

How many were killed inside Khartoum led by Gordon?

A

4,000

81
Q

When was the Berlin Conference?

A

1884-85

82
Q

When was the general act?

A

February 1885

83
Q

How much of Africa was unsettled just before the Berlin conference?

A

80%

84
Q

Who hosted the Berlin Conference?

A

Chancellor Otto von Bismark of Germany

85
Q

When were the diamonds discovered near Kimberley in West Griqualand leading to a diamond rush?

A

1867

86
Q

When did the British annex Basutoland and what indigenous peoples lived there?

A

1868- home of the Kho Kho and Soto

87
Q

When did the British annex West Griqualand?

A

1871

88
Q

How many Griqua people (Boer and Khoi Khoi) moved out of West Griqualand and when did they establish East Griqualand?

A

2000 Griqua people, established in 1873

89
Q

When was East Griqualand annexed by the British?

A

1874

90
Q

When did the British annex the Transvaal after the Boers defeat from the Pedi?

A

1877

91
Q

When was the first Anglo-Boer War ?

A

1880-1881

92
Q

When was the Battle of Majuba Hill and how many British soldiers died?

A

February 1881- 150 killed

93
Q

When did the British sign the Convention of Pretoria?

A

August 1881

94
Q

When did the Germans annex German South West Africa?

A

1884

95
Q

When did the British annex Bechuanaland?

A

1885

96
Q

When was gold discovered at Witswatersrand near this Transvaal capital, Pretoria causing a gold rush?

A

1886

97
Q

When did Cecil Rhodes’s British South Africa company set up a fort in Salisbury in Mashonaland?

A

1889

98
Q

When were the Xhosa wars fought by the British and Boers against the Gcalekea, Pedi and Fengu?

A

1877-1878

99
Q

When was the Anglo Zulu War?

A

December 1878- July 1879

100
Q

When was the Battle of Isandlwana where the British faced huge losses?

A

January 1879

101
Q

Who led British reinforcements against the Zulus?

A

Lord Chelmsford

102
Q

When was the Battle of Ulundi where Ulundi, the Zulu capital, was burnt to the ground.

A

July 1879

AQA A Level History- IJ The British Empire c.1857-1967 (13 decks)

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