Unit 1: Topic 1: Africa Flashcards
1
Q
When was the American Civil War?
A
1861-65
2
Q
When was the Long Depression?
A
1873-1896
3
Q
When did Disraeli buy shares in the Suez Canal and how much did he buy them for?
A
1875- £4 million
4
Q
When was West Griqualand annexed?
A
1871
5
Q
When was the Transvaal annexed?
A
1877
6
Q
When were diamonds discovered in Kimberly?
A
1867
7
Q
What was William Mackinnons company called, when was it chartered and where did it operate?
A
- Imperial British East Africa Company- 1888
- Kenya and Uganda
8
Q
When was the Franco-Prussian War and Germany united?
A
1871
9
Q
When did Germany claim German South West Africa?
A
1884
10
Q
When did the British annex Becuanaland?
A
1885
11
Q
When was the Berlin Conference?
A
1884-1885
12
Q
How many countries were involved in the Berlin Conference?
A
14 countries and the USA
13
Q
Who did William Mackinnon compete with for influence?
A
German explorer Carl Peters.
14
Q
What was the impact of the Berlin Conference?
A
1870- 10% of Africa colonised
1900- 90% of Africa colonised
15
Q
By 1900 what were the only two free countries in Africa.
A
Liberia and Ethiopia
16
Q
When was George Goldies company chartered, what was the name of the company and where did it have influence?
A
- 1886- Royal Niger Company
- West Africa and Nigeria
17
Q
When did missionary John Mackenzie press to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland and what did he become?
A
1883
Deputy Commissioner
18
Q
When did Livingstone return to England and give his lectures?
A
1856-57
19
Q
What position did Bartle Frere have?
A
High Commissioner and Governor of the Cape Colony
20
Q
Who originally planned to create a confederacy with the Boers?
A
Colonial Secretary Lord Carnarvon
21
Q
When did the Anglo-Zulu war start?
A
December 1878
22
Q
How many treaties did George Goldie secure?
A
Over 450
23
Q
When did John Kirk go to Zanzibar and what was his title?
A
Vice Consul of the Sultanate of Zanzibar 1868-1886
24
Q
Which Zanzibari Sultan did John Kirk influence and what land did he hand over to Mackinnon?
A
- Sultan Bhargash
- The Mombasa Coastal strip
25
When did Zanzibar become a protectorate?
1890
26
How much shorter was the Suez canal to India?
6000 miles
27
When was Egypt made a veiled protectorate?
1882
28
When was British Somaliland annexed?
1884
29
What base did British Somaliland supply with meat?
The Indian outpost at Aden.
30
Where did the British build forts along the coast?
Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia
31
When was the Brussels conference and who was it hosted by?
1876- King Leopold II of Belgium
32
What did the Brussels conference create and who was a key member of it?
Created an International African Association. British Explorere Henry Morgan Stanley played a key role.
33
How many treaties did Henry Morgan Stanley secure establishing Leopold IIs soveriegnity over the Congo?
Over 450
34
What did the International African Association change it's name to and when?
International Association of the Congo- 1879
35
What explorers did countries hire to assert their authority over the Congo?
* Belgium- Henry Morgan Stanley
* France- Pierre de Brazza
* Germany- Gustav Nachtigal
36
When were Maxim guns first used?
1884
37
What was the first African railway?
The West African railway in Zanzibar
38
When was Basutoland established as a protectorate by a treaty?
1868
39
When was West Griqualand annexed, and when was it absorbed into the Cape Colony?
1873, 1880
40
When was the Transvaal occupied?
1877
41
When was Zululand established as a protectorate and when was it annexed to Natal?
1879, 1887
42
When were Egypt and the Sudan established as a veiled protectorate/ client state?
1882
43
When was Southern Nigeria brought under Chartered Company rule?
1884
44
When was the British Somaliland made a protectorate established by a treaty?
1884
45
When was the Bechuanaland made a protectorate established by a treaty?
1885
46
When did Northern Nigeria fall under chartered company rule?
1885
47
When was a settlement established in Gambia?
1888
48
When did British East Africa come under chartered company rule?
1888
49
When did Uganda come on charted company rule?
1888
50
What was the name of Cecil Rhodes's company, when was it chartered and where did it operate?
British South Africa Company- 1889. Operated in South Africa- Cape Colony, Transvaal, Natal etc.
51
Which anti Ottoman Egyptian leader did the French support?
Mohammed Ali
52
When was the American Civil war?
1861-1865
53
When did Khedive Is'mail Pasha come to power?
1863
54
By the 1870s how many of Egypt's imports came from Britain?
40%
55
When was the Suez Canal opened?
1869.
56
Who founded the Suez Canal company, when was it founded and how long was the company supposed to run the canal for?
French Ferdinand de Lessepps in 1858, ran the canal for 99 years
57
How much shorter was the Suez canal as a route to India?
6000 miles shorter
58
When did Disraeli buy shares in the Suez Canal and how much for?
1875, £4 million
59
When was Khedive Isma'il Pasha deposed due to domestic and Anglo- Indian pressure?
1879
60
Who was Khedive Isma'il Pasha replaced by and for how long did he rule?
* Khedive Mohammad Tewfiq Pasha
* 1879-1892
61
What British official had huge influence over Khedive Tewfiq?
British Comissioner Lord Dufferin
62
How much did Tewfiq reduce the Egyptian army by?
2/3
63
Who led the Egyptian nationalist rebellion?
Colonel Arabi Pasha.
64
How many Europeans were living in Egypt at the time of the nationalist rebellion?
100,000
65
How many Europeans were killed by the rebellion and when?
June 1882- 50 Europeans
66
When did the British Navy sent by Gladstone bomb Alexandria?
July 1882
67
Who fought and defeated Arabi Pasha in Egypt and where did this happen?
Sir Garnet Wolseley defeated Arabi Pasha at Tel-el-Kebir
68
Who became the British official in Egypt after the rebellion and what was their title?
Sir Evelyn Baring became Consul General.
69
When was British control of Egypt confirmed?
1885- Convention of London- British negotiated loan for Egyptian government
70
Who proclaimed himself the Mahdi and when?
June 1881- Muhammad Ahmad
71
When was General Gordon sent from Britain? And what was he sent as?
1877- General Charles Gordon sent to act as Governor General of the Sudan until 1880.
72
When did Gladstone order Gordon to evacuate Kartuom?
1884
73
How long did Gordon hold out the siege?
313 days
74
Who was the British Egyptian military expedition sent into the Sudan led by and what were their numbers?
Colonel William Hicks
Force of 8000
75
How much did maintaining the garrisons in the Sudan cost Egypt a year?
£100,000
76
When was the Egyptian force sent to defeat the Mahdi slaughtered and what were their numbers?
June 1882, force of 4,000
77
When did the Mahdists take complete control of the area surrounding Khartoum?
1882
78
When was William Hicks's military expedition killed and how many survived?
Attacked November 1883. 8000 in the force but only 500 survived. Hicks died.
79
When did Gladstone send an expedition to Khartoum to rescue Gordon and who was it led by
July 1884- led by Sor Garmet Wolseley. Arrived 2 days after Gordon had been killed.
80
How many were killed inside Khartoum led by Gordon?
4,000
81
When was the Berlin Conference?
1884-85
82
When was the general act?
February 1885
83
How much of Africa was unsettled just before the Berlin conference?
80%
84
Who hosted the Berlin Conference?
Chancellor Otto von Bismark of Germany
85
When were the diamonds discovered near Kimberley in West Griqualand leading to a diamond rush?
1867
86
When did the British annex Basutoland and what indigenous peoples lived there?
1868- home of the Kho Kho and Soto
87
When did the British annex West Griqualand?
1871
88
How many Griqua people (Boer and Khoi Khoi) moved out of West Griqualand and when did they establish East Griqualand?
2000 Griqua people, established in 1873
89
When was East Griqualand annexed by the British?
1874
90
When did the British annex the Transvaal after the Boers defeat from the Pedi?
1877
91
When was the first Anglo-Boer War ?
1880-1881
92
When was the Battle of Majuba Hill and how many British soldiers died?
February 1881- 150 killed
93
When did the British sign the Convention of Pretoria?
August 1881
94
When did the Germans annex German South West Africa?
1884
95
When did the British annex Bechuanaland?
1885
96
When was gold discovered at Witswatersrand near this Transvaal capital, Pretoria causing a gold rush?
1886
97
When did Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa company set up a fort in Salisbury in Mashonaland?
1889
98
When were the Xhosa wars fought by the British and Boers against the Gcalekea, Pedi and Fengu?
1877-1878
99
When was the Anglo Zulu War?
December 1878- July 1879
100
When was the Battle of Isandlwana where the British faced huge losses?
January 1879
101
Who led British reinforcements against the Zulus?
Lord Chelmsford
102
When was the Battle of Ulundi where Ulundi, the Zulu capital, was burnt to the ground.
July 1879
