unit 2 - start and end of slavery

Question 1

Why did it start?

Answer 1

• high demand for labor, crops grown in colonies (sugar cane, tobacco, and Cotten) were labor intensive
• shortage of labor in North America because European diseases killed all the workers.

Question 2

Evolution of African Slavery

Answer 2

• when Europeans came offering weapons for slaves, African Monarchs were motivated
• slavery began to replace other criminal sentences
• capturing slaves became a motivation for war, not a consequence of war
• the Africans needed to defend themselves from slave raids, so they needed more European firearms, which they also bought slaves with (a endless circle)

Question 3

Desire for Africans

Answer 3

• they had been exposed to Europe diseases already
• they had experience in farming’
• they had little knowledge of the land and no familiar tribes (they couldn’t run away)

Question 4

What was the voyage like?

Answer 4

• nearly 1/3 died between capture and sailing
• another 1/3 died in the crossing
• 40-180 reach the Caribbean

conditions:

• men, women and children were separated, men chained together
• crowded, unsanitary
• fed twice a day
• ten people eating from one bucket (unwashed hands spread diseases)
• malnutrition - weakness - depression -death

Question 5

Landing and Sales

Answer 5

• prepare slaves for sale (wash, exercise, oil bodies to conceal bruises)
• When living in North America Africans didn’t know the language and had to adapt to new foods
• Europeans were scared of slave rebellion - major punishments for minor offences

Question 6

Consequences of the slave trade

Answer 6

African continent:

• lost millions of its population
• economies collapsed
• Africans were claimed to be biologically inferior and destined to be slaves

Question 7

End of Slavery

Answer 7

• 1807, illegal for British traders to buy or sell humans
• 1833, slavery completely abolished
• other nations followed (ex. America: 1865)

Question 8

The American Civil War

Answer 8

• between the north states (the Union) and the south (Confederate States)
• country was being led by Abraham Lincoln
• in 1862, Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation which freed all the slaves
• he did this so slaves could help fight in the war
• in 1865 the confederate leader surrendered and the war ended
• known as the bloodiest war in history

Question 9

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 9

“separate but equal”

- laws that required separate buildings, toilets, and restaurants for whites and blacks

Question 10

The Little Rock Nine

Answer 10

in 1954 the Supreme Court declared segregated classrooms were illegal. The Little Rock Nine was a group of courageous black students who integrated the Arkansas capital city’s Central High School.

Question 11

American Civil Rights Movement

Answer 11

• 1955, Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Alabama and is arrested
• Inspires black leaders to bus boycott, the bus company suffers economically, violence erupts.
• At last the Supreme Court integrates the busses and black riders and on the buses again - sitting where they please
• THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON a quarter million black and white people marched to Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC in a show of unity, racial harmony and support fo the civil rights bill.

Question 12

The black Panthers

Answer 12

A group of people wanting equal rights, they didn’t discourage the use of violence.

Question 13

When was the civil rights act passed?

Answer 13

• 1964, barred discrimination based on race, colour, religion, or national origin in public facilities
• later laws were passed to include legislation of fair election practices