unit 2 - legacies and colonies Flashcards
What is a legacy
Something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past
Legacies can include: - political structures - buildings and monuments - oral history and stories - tangible artifacts cultural traditions and celebrations
Ethnocentrism
- Ethnocentric people believe that the only valid worldview is their own, and they judge other people according to their own
Eurocentrism
A form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other peoples and cultures
Imperialism
The domination by one country of the political, economic, and/or culture life of another county or region
Old Imperialism vs New Imperialism
Old:
- 1600s -1800s when power were motivated by Gold, Glory and God
- mercantilism
New:
- path of rapid, aggressive expansion that began in the 1800s
- Europeans were encouraged to expand by their new economic, military and industrial wealth
Motives for Expansion (4)
- Economic
- Political
- Idealogical
- reactive
Economic expansion
- nations dominate others in order to expand their economies
- acquire raw materials
- new sources of labour
- find new markets for their surplus products
Political Expansion
- motivated to expand primarily by the desire for power, prestige, security and diplomatic (international relations) advantage over other states
- nationalism: spreading their world view. Supporting the self interest of that nation
Ideological expansion
- political, cultural, moral, humanitarian, and religious beliefs force a nation into imperialism for missionary reasons
Reactive Expansion
- Powerful states may not mean to expand but because of political instabilities in other countries it becomes necessary
Forms of imperial rule (3)
- colony - territory that an imperial power ruled directly
- Protectorate - a territory that had its own government, but its policies were guided by a foreign power
- Sphere of influence - influences an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.
The Age of Imperialism
- in the beginning of 1850’s European powers started to claim African territory
- up until this point, Africa had been largely untouched - it was unmapped - the dark continent
- becomes known as the “scramble for Africa”
Berlin Conference
- 1884 representatives from many countries met to divide Africa among themselves
- no African countries were involved
- France got the most land
Push and pull factors for Africa
Desire for resources and new markets
- technology and scientific advances (weaponry, steam boats, medicine)
- national pride (tension among European countries
- Civilizing mission (social Darwinism, they felt they had to change the people to make them better people)
Types of the most influential legacies (4)
- Legacies and patterns of Historical change
- Legacies of Migration
- Legacies of Displacement
- Legacies of Depopulation
- Legacies and patterns of Historical change
- imperial powers change the culture of the peoples in the their colonies
ex. language
- Legacies of Migration
during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, millions of people were not he move, searching for a better life, feeling famine, and conflict in their home country.
- Legacies of Displacement
Indigenous peoples were displaced - forced off their land. This destroyed cultures and community.
- Legacies of Depopulation
forced migration of the African slaves led to the depopulation of many parts of the continent - and effects of this population loss were devastating:
- families and communities were shattered
- families were left without leaders and support
