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Dermatology > Unit 2: Random Dermatology Conditions > Flashcards

Unit 2: Random Dermatology Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

Hot Spots;

Quickly, rapidly-developing spots of pyoderma that the animal self-traumatizes

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2
Q

What is the #1 reason for hotspots?

A

flea allergy dermatitis

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3
Q

What organism usually complicates hot spots?

A

S. pseudintermedius

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4
Q

What is the general treatment for hot spots?

A

Clip and clean, systemic +/- topical abx, short course of GCs, address primary cause

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5
Q

Chin pyoderma (aka canine acne) is a _____ issue.

A

lifestyle

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6
Q

What is the lesion associated with chin pyoderma?

A

traumatic furunculosis (is not a “true infection”)

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7
Q

Why does chin pyoderma occur?

A

Short hairs are pushed through the follicles due to lifestyle and cause a foreign body reaction

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8
Q

What are general treatments used for chin pyoderma?

A

Topicals in mild cases

Systemics +/- GCs in moderate to severe cases

Adhesive tape stripping in refractory cases

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9
Q

What is atypical mycobacteria?

A

Fat-loving bacteria introduced via trauma or foreign body;

Deep mycobacterial infection OR sterile nodular folliculitis;

Might have multiple draining tracts

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10
Q

What will show up in the neutrophils on cytology?

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

What type of stain do Mycobacterium pick up?

A

acid fast

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12
Q

What is the treatment for atypical mycobacteria?

A

Systemic abx (tetracyclines, FQs, clarithromycin), surgical excision;

3-6 months treatmetn

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Oral papillomas

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14
Q

What are oral papillomas?

A

Colliform vegetable-like growths that occur on the oral cavity of young and immunocompromised dogs.

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15
Q

What are NOT good therapy options for oral papillomas?

A

Benign neglect and autogenous vaccines

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16
Q

What treatment is most often done at ISU for oral papillomas?

A

CO2 laser

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17
Q

Why are there so many treatment options for oral papillomas?

A

Because nothing really works that great

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18
Q

What are aural hematomas?

A

Pocket of blood in the ear;

A self-trauma issue caused by a combo of shaking the head secondary to an ear infection

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19
Q

What are the 2 parts to treating aural hematomas?

A

Address underlying cause, minimize the hematoma

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20
Q

What are the options for minimizing aural hematomas?

A

Drain +/- steroids, S-shaped incision with thru and thru sutures, teat cannula, closed suction drain, punch biopsy, CO2 laser

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21
Q

What is snow nose?

A

Occurs in Goldens, Labs, Huskies;

Pigment of the nose drops out in the winter and comes back in the spring

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22
Q

What are some conditions that cause depigmentation of the nose?

A

Cutaneous histiocytosis, vitiligo, DLE, trychophyton, T cell lymphoma, uveodermatologic syndrome, mucotaneous pyoderma, pemphigus foliaceus

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23
Q

What question should you ask if you see crusting, depigmented nasal lesions?

A

Is bacterial present?

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24
Q

What should you do if there is bacteria present with crusting, depigmented nasal lesions?

A

Treat;

If the bacteria and lesions go away –> mucocutaneous pyoderma

If the bacteria goes away but lesions do not –> biopsy

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25
Q

What is idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis?

A

Crusting and excessive keratin buildup along the top margin of the nose and toes.

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26
Q

What are treatments for idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis?

A

Mild = benign neglect or use softening agent

Mod to severe = trim excessive keratin and topical abx/steroids

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27
Q

What are some major DDx for nasodigital crusting?

A

Canine distemper, Leishmaniasis, zing-responsive dermatosis, hepatocutaneous syndrome, pemphigus foliaceus, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous horn/corn

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28
Q

What breed gets hereditary nasal parakeratosis?

A

Labs

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29
Q

What is seen with hereditary nasal parakeratosis?

A

GIANT cracks and fissures on the nose

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30
Q

What is ichthyosis?

A

Giant corn flake looking scales on the coat

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31
Q

What is the main breed that is affected by ichthyosis?

A

Golden Retrievers

(also seen in American Bulldogs, Great Danes, JRT/Norfolk Terriers, CKCS)

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32
Q

What treatments are used in ichthyosis?

A

Manage secondary infections, topical barrier replacement therapy (ceramides), FA supplementation, dietary management

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33
Q

What are 3 conditions you should think of when you see giant scale?

A

Ichthyosis, sebaceous adenitis, T cell lymphoma

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34
Q

What breeds commonly get zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Arctic breeds

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35
Q

What lesions are seen with zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Alopecia, hyperpigmentation, crusting of the periocular and perioral regions, digital pads, nasal planum

36
Q

What is syndrome I of zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Defective intestinal absorption (Huskies and Alaskan Malamutes)

37
Q

What is syndrome II of zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Rapidly growing puppies or diet issues

38
Q

What are treatments for zinc-responsive dermatosis?

A

Address secondary infections, oral zinc supplementation with FAs, possible GCs or IV Zn sulfate

39
Q

What is another name for hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis

40
Q

What is hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

Epidermal protein depletion secondary to chronic hepatic failure or glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumors

41
Q

What are the primary DDx for hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

Epitheliotropic lymphoma, pemphigus complex, drug eruption, SLE, T cell lymphoma

42
Q

How is hepatocutaneous syndrome diagnosed?

A

Bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound, histopath

43
Q

What is seen on bloodwork in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

CBC = normocytic, normochromic anemia

Chem = elevated ALP +/- ALT, hypoalbuminemia, decreased BUN

44
Q

What is seen on abdominal ultrasound in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

“Honeycomb” liver (only in 60% of cases)

45
Q

What is seen on histopath in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

“French Flag”

Red = para or hyperkeratosis

White = epidermal necrosis

Blue = basal cells/epidermal cells trying to turn over

46
Q

How is Hepatocutaneous syndrome treated?

A

Treat secondary infections, liver support, AA infusions, egg yolks, zinc, FAs

47
Q

What are some forms of liver support that can be used in Hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

diet, sAME, vitamin E, ursodiol

48
Q

What is calcinosis cutis?

A

Deposition of Ca into the skin, often secondary to other diseases (i.e. Cushing’s)

49
Q

What are the only 2 species that have naturally-occurring calcinosis cutis?

A

Dogs and chinchillas

50
Q

Calcinosis cutis is usually _____ induced.

A

iatrogenically

51
Q

What is the treatment for calcinosis cutis?

A

Remove inciting cause (i.e. steroids), treat secondary infections, stop/resolve mineral deposition (DMSO, minocycline)

52
Q

What is this?

A

Ceruminous cystomatosis

53
Q

What are interdigital follicular cysts?

A

When a hair follicle is damaged due to trauma on the underside of the foot but the lesion appears on the top

54
Q

How are interdigital follicular cysts diagnosed?

A

Put pressure on the top of the foot, exudate comes out from the underneath (is very painful)

55
Q

Why do interdigital follicular cysts appear more often in certain dogs?

A

Happens in older, overweight dogs that cannot walk properly, leading to damage of the pads;

Also happens in chondrodysplastic dogs due to valgus or varus

56
Q

In what limbs is interdigital follicular cysts more common?

A

On forelimbs

57
Q

What are conservative treatments for interdigital follicular cysts?

A

Treat secondary infections, prevent further trauma, comedolytic agents

58
Q

What are aggressive treatments for interdigital follicular cysts?

A

Surgical: CO2 laser vs. fusion podoplasty

59
Q

What is dermatomyositis?

A

Ischemic dermatopathy that causes ilcers, crusting, and cicatricial alopecia - has familial link

60
Q

What other findings are seen with dermatomyositis?

A

Muscule issues - masseter wasting, high-stepping gait, megaesophagus

61
Q

What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?

A

Avoid activities that cause trauma, vitamin E and pentoxifylline, cyclosporine or GCs

62
Q

What cells are involved in cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?

A

CD8+ T cells

63
Q

What animals are affected by cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?

A

older animals (>9 years)

Dogs > cats

64
Q

What lesions are seen with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?

A

Erythroderma and depigmentation, pruritus and oral lesions, confined to the epidermis

65
Q

What is the hallmark lesion of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?

A

erythroderma - simultaneous massive erythema with excessive exfoliation

66
Q

What is this and what disease is it associated with?

A

Erythroderma - associated with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma

67
Q

How is T cell lymphoma diagnosed?

A

Cytology or histopath

68
Q

What are the 5 types of round cell tumors?

A

Mast cell tumor, histiocytoma, plasmacytoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, transmissible veneral tumor

69
Q

What is this?

A

Mast cell tumor

70
Q

What is this?

A

Histiocytoma

71
Q

What is this?

A

Plasmacytoma

72
Q

What is this?

A

Lymphoblastic lymphoma

73
Q

What is this?

A

Transmissible venereal tumor

74
Q

What is the treatment for T cell lymphoma?

A

Can be either skin directed (surgery, topical, phototherapy, radiation) or systemic (CHOP vs. Lomustine)

75
Q

What is the prognosis for T cell lymphoma?

A

2-18 months

76
Q

What type of drug is Lomustine?

A

Alkylating agent

77
Q

How is Lomustine administered?

A

Orally - it is well absorbed and the owner can give it at home

78
Q

What are adverse effects of Lomustine?

A

Hepatotoxicity and BM suppression

79
Q

How is monitoring done when a patient is on Lomustine?

A

Weekly CBCs, serum chemistries before each round

80
Q

What does PSOM stand for?

A

Primary secretory otitis media

81
Q

What breed gets PSOM?

A

CKCS

82
Q

What are clinical signs associated with PSOM?

A

Head/neck pain, vocalization, head shaking;

Neuro signs (ataxia, facial paralysis, head tilt, nystagmus);

Otic pruritus without otitis, otitis externa, decreased hearing;

Abnormal yawning

83
Q

What are DDx for PSOM?

A

Syringomyelia, Chiari-like malformation, otitis external, intracranial disease, vestibular disease

84
Q

How is PSOM diagnosed?

A

Visualization of an opaque bulging tympanic membrane; CT or MRI

85
Q

How is PSOM treated?

A

Myringotomy (GCs, abx, mucolytics)

Dermatology (14 decks)

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