Unit 2: Random Dermatology Conditions Flashcards
What is pyotraumatic dermatitis?
Hot Spots;
Quickly, rapidly-developing spots of pyoderma that the animal self-traumatizes
What is the #1 reason for hotspots?
flea allergy dermatitis
What organism usually complicates hot spots?
S. pseudintermedius
What is the general treatment for hot spots?
Clip and clean, systemic +/- topical abx, short course of GCs, address primary cause
Chin pyoderma (aka canine acne) is a _____ issue.
lifestyle
What is the lesion associated with chin pyoderma?
traumatic furunculosis (is not a “true infection”)
Why does chin pyoderma occur?
Short hairs are pushed through the follicles due to lifestyle and cause a foreign body reaction
What are general treatments used for chin pyoderma?
Topicals in mild cases
Systemics +/- GCs in moderate to severe cases
Adhesive tape stripping in refractory cases
What is atypical mycobacteria?
Fat-loving bacteria introduced via trauma or foreign body;
Deep mycobacterial infection OR sterile nodular folliculitis;
Might have multiple draining tracts
What will show up in the neutrophils on cytology?
Bacilli
What type of stain do Mycobacterium pick up?
acid fast
What is the treatment for atypical mycobacteria?
Systemic abx (tetracyclines, FQs, clarithromycin), surgical excision;
3-6 months treatmetn
What is this?
Oral papillomas
What are oral papillomas?
Colliform vegetable-like growths that occur on the oral cavity of young and immunocompromised dogs.
What are NOT good therapy options for oral papillomas?
Benign neglect and autogenous vaccines
What treatment is most often done at ISU for oral papillomas?
CO2 laser
Why are there so many treatment options for oral papillomas?
Because nothing really works that great
What are aural hematomas?
Pocket of blood in the ear;
A self-trauma issue caused by a combo of shaking the head secondary to an ear infection
What are the 2 parts to treating aural hematomas?
Address underlying cause, minimize the hematoma
What are the options for minimizing aural hematomas?
Drain +/- steroids, S-shaped incision with thru and thru sutures, teat cannula, closed suction drain, punch biopsy, CO2 laser
What is snow nose?
Occurs in Goldens, Labs, Huskies;
Pigment of the nose drops out in the winter and comes back in the spring
What are some conditions that cause depigmentation of the nose?
Cutaneous histiocytosis, vitiligo, DLE, trychophyton, T cell lymphoma, uveodermatologic syndrome, mucotaneous pyoderma, pemphigus foliaceus
What question should you ask if you see crusting, depigmented nasal lesions?
Is bacterial present?
What should you do if there is bacteria present with crusting, depigmented nasal lesions?
Treat;
If the bacteria and lesions go away –> mucocutaneous pyoderma
If the bacteria goes away but lesions do not –> biopsy
What is idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis?
Crusting and excessive keratin buildup along the top margin of the nose and toes.
What are treatments for idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis?
Mild = benign neglect or use softening agent
Mod to severe = trim excessive keratin and topical abx/steroids
What are some major DDx for nasodigital crusting?
Canine distemper, Leishmaniasis, zing-responsive dermatosis, hepatocutaneous syndrome, pemphigus foliaceus, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous horn/corn
What breed gets hereditary nasal parakeratosis?
Labs
What is seen with hereditary nasal parakeratosis?
GIANT cracks and fissures on the nose
What is ichthyosis?
Giant corn flake looking scales on the coat
What is the main breed that is affected by ichthyosis?
Golden Retrievers
(also seen in American Bulldogs, Great Danes, JRT/Norfolk Terriers, CKCS)
What treatments are used in ichthyosis?
Manage secondary infections, topical barrier replacement therapy (ceramides), FA supplementation, dietary management
What are 3 conditions you should think of when you see giant scale?
Ichthyosis, sebaceous adenitis, T cell lymphoma
What breeds commonly get zinc-responsive dermatosis?
Arctic breeds
What lesions are seen with zinc-responsive dermatosis?
Alopecia, hyperpigmentation, crusting of the periocular and perioral regions, digital pads, nasal planum
What is syndrome I of zinc-responsive dermatosis?
Defective intestinal absorption (Huskies and Alaskan Malamutes)
What is syndrome II of zinc-responsive dermatosis?
Rapidly growing puppies or diet issues
What are treatments for zinc-responsive dermatosis?
Address secondary infections, oral zinc supplementation with FAs, possible GCs or IV Zn sulfate
What is another name for hepatocutaneous syndrome?
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis
What is hepatocutaneous syndrome?
Epidermal protein depletion secondary to chronic hepatic failure or glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumors
What are the primary DDx for hepatocutaneous syndrome?
Epitheliotropic lymphoma, pemphigus complex, drug eruption, SLE, T cell lymphoma
How is hepatocutaneous syndrome diagnosed?
Bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound, histopath
What is seen on bloodwork in hepatocutaneous syndrome?
CBC = normocytic, normochromic anemia
Chem = elevated ALP +/- ALT, hypoalbuminemia, decreased BUN
What is seen on abdominal ultrasound in hepatocutaneous syndrome?
“Honeycomb” liver (only in 60% of cases)
What is seen on histopath in hepatocutaneous syndrome?
“French Flag”
Red = para or hyperkeratosis
White = epidermal necrosis
Blue = basal cells/epidermal cells trying to turn over
How is Hepatocutaneous syndrome treated?
Treat secondary infections, liver support, AA infusions, egg yolks, zinc, FAs
What are some forms of liver support that can be used in Hepatocutaneous syndrome?
diet, sAME, vitamin E, ursodiol
What is calcinosis cutis?
Deposition of Ca into the skin, often secondary to other diseases (i.e. Cushing’s)
What are the only 2 species that have naturally-occurring calcinosis cutis?
Dogs and chinchillas
Calcinosis cutis is usually _____ induced.
iatrogenically
What is the treatment for calcinosis cutis?
Remove inciting cause (i.e. steroids), treat secondary infections, stop/resolve mineral deposition (DMSO, minocycline)
What is this?
Ceruminous cystomatosis
What are interdigital follicular cysts?
When a hair follicle is damaged due to trauma on the underside of the foot but the lesion appears on the top
How are interdigital follicular cysts diagnosed?
Put pressure on the top of the foot, exudate comes out from the underneath (is very painful)
Why do interdigital follicular cysts appear more often in certain dogs?
Happens in older, overweight dogs that cannot walk properly, leading to damage of the pads;
Also happens in chondrodysplastic dogs due to valgus or varus
In what limbs is interdigital follicular cysts more common?
On forelimbs
What are conservative treatments for interdigital follicular cysts?
Treat secondary infections, prevent further trauma, comedolytic agents
What are aggressive treatments for interdigital follicular cysts?
Surgical: CO2 laser vs. fusion podoplasty
What is dermatomyositis?
Ischemic dermatopathy that causes ilcers, crusting, and cicatricial alopecia - has familial link
What other findings are seen with dermatomyositis?
Muscule issues - masseter wasting, high-stepping gait, megaesophagus
What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?
Avoid activities that cause trauma, vitamin E and pentoxifylline, cyclosporine or GCs
What cells are involved in cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?
CD8+ T cells
What animals are affected by cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?
older animals (>9 years)
Dogs > cats
What lesions are seen with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?
Erythroderma and depigmentation, pruritus and oral lesions, confined to the epidermis
What is the hallmark lesion of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma?
erythroderma - simultaneous massive erythema with excessive exfoliation
What is this and what disease is it associated with?
Erythroderma - associated with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma
How is T cell lymphoma diagnosed?
Cytology or histopath
What are the 5 types of round cell tumors?
Mast cell tumor, histiocytoma, plasmacytoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, transmissible veneral tumor
What is this?
Mast cell tumor
What is this?
Histiocytoma
What is this?
Plasmacytoma
What is this?
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
What is this?
Transmissible venereal tumor
What is the treatment for T cell lymphoma?
Can be either skin directed (surgery, topical, phototherapy, radiation) or systemic (CHOP vs. Lomustine)
What is the prognosis for T cell lymphoma?
2-18 months
What type of drug is Lomustine?
Alkylating agent
How is Lomustine administered?
Orally - it is well absorbed and the owner can give it at home
What are adverse effects of Lomustine?
Hepatotoxicity and BM suppression
How is monitoring done when a patient is on Lomustine?
Weekly CBCs, serum chemistries before each round
What does PSOM stand for?
Primary secretory otitis media
What breed gets PSOM?
CKCS
What are clinical signs associated with PSOM?
Head/neck pain, vocalization, head shaking;
Neuro signs (ataxia, facial paralysis, head tilt, nystagmus);
Otic pruritus without otitis, otitis externa, decreased hearing;
Abnormal yawning
What are DDx for PSOM?
Syringomyelia, Chiari-like malformation, otitis external, intracranial disease, vestibular disease
How is PSOM diagnosed?
Visualization of an opaque bulging tympanic membrane; CT or MRI
How is PSOM treated?
Myringotomy (GCs, abx, mucolytics)
