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Dermatology > Unit 1: Fungal Disease > Flashcards

Unit 1: Fungal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

A

A

B-glucans

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2
Q

B

A

Mannoproteins

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3
Q

C

A

Chitin

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4
Q

D

A

Membrane proteins

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5
Q

E

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

What 2 specific substances are found in the cell walls of fungi?

A

Ergosterol and cholesterol

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7
Q

What is the MOA of iodides?

A

Unknown

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8
Q

What is the MOA of polyenes?

A

Bind sterols

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Imidazoles?

A

Inhibit P450 14 alpha-demethylase

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Triazoles?

A

Inhibit P450 14 alpha-demethylase

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Allyamines?

A

Inhibit squalene epoxidase

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Echinocadins?

A

Inhibit 1,3-B glucan synthase

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13
Q

What drugs are iodides?

A

NaI, KI

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14
Q

What drugs are polyenes?

A

Amphotericin B

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15
Q

What drugs are Imidazoles?

A

Ketoconazole

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16
Q

What drugs are Triazoles?

A

Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole

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17
Q

What drugs are Allyamines?

A

Terbinafine

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18
Q

What drugs are Echinocadins?

A

Caspofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin

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19
Q

What are the side effects of iodides?

A

GI, depression, muscle twitching, iodism

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20
Q

What are the side effects of polyenes?

A

Infusion-related, nephrotoxic

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21
Q

What are the side effects of Imidazoles?

A

GI (most common), hepatotoxic, thrombocytopenia, lightening of the hair coat (with chronic use; reversible)

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22
Q

What are the side effects of Triazoles?

A

GI, hepatotoxic, vasculitis, neurologic

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23
Q

What are the side effects of Allyamines?

A

GI, hepatotoxic (idiosyncratic)

24
Q

What are the side effects of Echinocadins?

A

Infusion-related, hepatotoxic

25
Q

Where is pythiosis commonly found?

A

Gulf states

26
Q

What is the most common systemic fungal disease of dogs?

A

Blastomycosis

27
Q

Where is blastomycosis commonly found?

A

Ohio River Valley

28
Q

What is the most common systemic fungal disease of cats?

A

Cryptococcosis

29
Q

What type of crypto is more common?

A

neoformans; affects immune incompetent individuals

30
Q

Where is crypto common?

A

Pacific NW

31
Q

What CS does histoplasmosis cause?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis, emaciation

32
Q

What environment does histoplasma favor?

A

Warm, moist soil; bird or bat excrement

33
Q

What is coccidiomycosis AKA?

A

Valley Fever

34
Q

Where is valley fever commonly found?

A

Hot and dry environments; SW U.S.

35
Q

What is sporotrichosis AKA?

A

Rose gardener’s disease

36
Q

What environment does sporothrix like?

A

Damp soil and organic debris; Sphagnum moss and rose bushes

37
Q

How is sporothrix acquired?

A

Inoculation (i.e. rose bushes with thorns)

38
Q

What is common on cytology of Pythiosis?

A

Eosinophils

39
Q

What is this?

40
Q

What does Blasto look like on cytology?

A

Broad-based budding organism; larger than WBCs, same size or larger than a macrophage

41
Q

What is this?

A

Blastomyces

42
Q

What does crypto look like on cytology?

A

Narrow-based budding organism; “fried egg” appearance with India ink

43
Q

What is this?

A

Cryptococcus

44
Q

What is this?

A

Cryptococcus

45
Q

What does Histoplasma look like on cytology?

A

Protected within macrophages (intracellular)

46
Q

What is this?

A

Histoplasma

47
Q

Which organism is hardest to find on cytology?

A

Coccidioides

48
Q

What does Sporothrix look like on cytology?

A

Oblong, cigar-shaped organisms

49
Q

What is this?

A

Sporothrix

50
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Pythiosis?

A

Cutaneous and GI

51
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Blastomycosis?

A

Respiratory mainly;

Also cutaneous, ocular, skeletal

52
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Cryptococcosis?

A

CNS mainly;

also respiratory, cutaneous, ocular

53
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Histoplasmosis?

A

Lower GI;

also causes emaciation

54
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Coccidiomycosis?

A

Respiratory mainly;

also ocular, skeletal, cutaneous (cats), cardiac, CNS

55
Q

What organ systems are most affected by Sporotrichosis?

A

Cutaneous (dogs)

Lymphocutaneous (people)

Disseminated (cats)

Dermatology (14 decks)

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