Unit 1: Fungal Disease

Question 1

A

Answer 1

B-glucans

Question 2

B

Answer 2

Mannoproteins

Question 3

C

Answer 3

Chitin

Question 4

D

Answer 4

Membrane proteins

Question 5

E

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

What 2 specific substances are found in the cell walls of fungi?

Answer 6

Ergosterol and cholesterol

Question 7

What is the MOA of iodides?

Answer 7

Unknown

Question 8

What is the MOA of polyenes?

Answer 8

Bind sterols

Question 9

What is the MOA of Imidazoles?

Answer 9

Inhibit P450 14 alpha-demethylase

Question 10

What is the MOA of Triazoles?

Answer 10

Inhibit P450 14 alpha-demethylase

Question 11

What is the MOA of Allyamines?

Answer 11

Inhibit squalene epoxidase

Question 12

What is the MOA of Echinocadins?

Answer 12

Inhibit 1,3-B glucan synthase

Question 13

What drugs are iodides?

Answer 13

NaI, KI

Question 14

What drugs are polyenes?

Answer 14

Amphotericin B

Question 15

What drugs are Imidazoles?

Answer 15

Ketoconazole

Question 16

What drugs are Triazoles?

Answer 16

Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole

Question 17

What drugs are Allyamines?

Answer 17

Terbinafine

Question 18

What drugs are Echinocadins?

Answer 18

Caspofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin

Question 19

What are the side effects of iodides?

Answer 19

GI, depression, muscle twitching, iodism

Question 20

What are the side effects of polyenes?

Answer 20

Infusion-related, nephrotoxic

Question 21

What are the side effects of Imidazoles?

Answer 21

GI (most common), hepatotoxic, thrombocytopenia, lightening of the hair coat (with chronic use; reversible)

Question 22

What are the side effects of Triazoles?

Answer 22

GI, hepatotoxic, vasculitis, neurologic

Question 23

What are the side effects of Allyamines?

Answer 23

GI, hepatotoxic (idiosyncratic)

Question 24

What are the side effects of Echinocadins?

Answer 24

Infusion-related, hepatotoxic

Question 25

Where is pythiosis commonly found?

Answer 25

Gulf states

Question 26

What is the most common systemic fungal disease of dogs?

Answer 26

Blastomycosis

Question 27

Where is blastomycosis commonly found?

Answer 27

Ohio River Valley

Question 28

What is the most common systemic fungal disease of cats?

Answer 28

Cryptococcosis

Question 29

What type of crypto is more common?

Answer 29

neoformans; affects immune incompetent individuals

Question 30

Where is crypto common?

Answer 30

Pacific NW

Question 31

What CS does histoplasmosis cause?

Answer 31

Hemorrhagic colitis, emaciation

Question 32

What environment does histoplasma favor?

Answer 32

Warm, moist soil; bird or bat excrement

Question 33

What is coccidiomycosis AKA?

Answer 33

Valley Fever

Question 34

Where is valley fever commonly found?

Answer 34

Hot and dry environments; SW U.S.

Question 35

What is sporotrichosis AKA?

Answer 35

Rose gardener's disease

Question 36

What environment does sporothrix like?

Answer 36

Damp soil and organic debris; Sphagnum moss and rose bushes

Question 37

How is sporothrix acquired?

Answer 37

Inoculation (i.e. rose bushes with thorns)

Question 38

What is common on cytology of Pythiosis?

Answer 38

Eosinophils

Question 39

What is this?

Answer 39

Pythiosis

Question 40

What does Blasto look like on cytology?

Answer 40

Broad-based budding organism; larger than WBCs, same size or larger than a macrophage

Question 41

What is this?

Answer 41

Blastomyces

Question 42

What does crypto look like on cytology?

Answer 42

Narrow-based budding organism; "fried egg" appearance with India ink

Question 43

What is this?

Answer 43

Cryptococcus

Question 44

What is this?

Answer 44

Cryptococcus

Question 45

What does Histoplasma look like on cytology?

Answer 45

Protected within macrophages (intracellular)

Question 46

What is this?

Answer 46

Histoplasma

Question 47

Which organism is hardest to find on cytology?

Answer 47

Coccidioides

Question 48

What does Sporothrix look like on cytology?

Answer 48

Oblong, cigar-shaped organisms

Question 49

What is this?

Answer 49

Sporothrix

Question 50

What organ systems are most affected by Pythiosis?

Answer 50

Cutaneous and GI

Question 51

What organ systems are most affected by Blastomycosis?

Answer 51

Respiratory mainly; Also cutaneous, ocular, skeletal

Question 52

What organ systems are most affected by Cryptococcosis?

Answer 52

CNS mainly; also respiratory, cutaneous, ocular

Question 53

What organ systems are most affected by Histoplasmosis?

Answer 53

Lower GI; also causes emaciation

Question 54

What organ systems are most affected by Coccidiomycosis?

Answer 54

Respiratory mainly; also ocular, skeletal, cutaneous (cats), cardiac, CNS

Question 55

What organ systems are most affected by Sporotrichosis?

Answer 55

Cutaneous (dogs) Lymphocutaneous (people) Disseminated (cats)