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Dermatology > Unit 1: Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

_____ lesions are most likely to provide a “diagnosis”

A

primary

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2
Q

What are some examples of primary lesions?

A

papules, pustules, vesicles

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3
Q

_____ lesions occur subsequent to other changes.

A

secondary

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4
Q

What are some examples of secondary lesions?

A

scales, crusts, lichenification, excoriation

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5
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed, flat discolored lesion (black, brown, red).

A

macule

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6
Q

What is the significance of a macule?

A

Pigmentation, hemorrhage

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7
Q

What are examples of things that can cause macules?

A

Genetics (lentigo), ecchymosis (hemorrhage)

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8
Q

A ____ is a macule > 1 cm in diameter.

A

patch

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9
Q

Sometimes _____ will colaesce to form patches.

A

macules

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10
Q

What is the significance of patches?

A

Pigmentation or hemorrhage

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11
Q

What is an example of something that can cause a patch?

A

Post-inflammation pigmentation

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12
Q

A _____ is a solid elevation of the skin < 0.5 cm in diameter.

A

papule

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13
Q

What is the significance of a papule?

A

Infiltration of the skin with fluid, cells, and/or debris

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14
Q

What are some things that can cause papules?

A

Pyoderma, miliary dermatitis

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15
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed elevated lesion filled with leukocytes.

A

pustule

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16
Q

What is the significance of a pustule?

A

inflammation

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17
Q

What are examples of conditions that can have pustules?

A

Pyoderma, AI disease, dermatophytosis

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18
Q

An _____ is a circular ring of scale-crust representing the remains of a pustule, vesicle, or bulla.

A

epidermal collarette

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19
Q

What is the significance of an epidermal collarette?

A

Remnant of primary lesions

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20
Q

What are examples of conditions that can cause epidermal collarettes?

A

Pyoderma, AI disease, dermatophytosis

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21
Q

What is the progression to epidermal collarette formation?

A

Papule –> pustule –> epidermal collarette

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22
Q

A _____ is an edematous plaque.

A

wheal

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23
Q

What is the significance of a wheal?

A

Inflammation, vascular leakage (type I hypersensitivity reactions)

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24
Q

What is an example of something that can cause a wheal?

A

Urticaria

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25
A _____ is a circumscribed, elevated, flat lesion \> 0.5 cm in diameter.
plaque
26
What is the significance of a plaque?
Cutaneous infiltration of cells or fluid
27
What is an example of a plaque?
feline eosinophilic plaque
28
A _____ is a circumscribed lesion of free fluid \< 0.5 cm in diameter
vesicle; "small blister"
29
What is the significance of a vesicle?
Damage to vasculature or BMZ
30
What are examples of conditions that can have vesicles?
Vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid
31
A _____ is a circumscribed lesion of free fluid \> 0.5 cm in diameter
bulla; "large blister"
32
What is the significance of a bulla?
Damage to vasculature or BMZ
33
What is an example of somehting that can cause a bulla?
Bullous pemphigoid
34
A _____ is a solid, elevated lesion \> 0.5 cm in diameter.
nodule
35
What is the significance of a nodule?
Cellular infiltration of the skin
36
What are examples of nodules?
Neoplasia, granulomatous inflammation
37
A _____ is a solid elevation \> 1 cm in diameter.
tumor; "large mass" or "bigger nodules"
38
What can a tumor involve?
Any structure in the skin and/or subcutis
39
What is the significance of a tumor?
Cellular infiltration of the skin
40
What are examples of tumors?
Neoplasia, inflammation
41
A _____ is accumulation of dead epidermal cells on the surface.
scale; "dandruff"
42
What is the significance of scale?
Hyperkeratosis, changed epidermal kinetics, inability to slough cells
43
What are examples of scale?
Familial seborrhea, sebaceous adenitis
44
A _____ is a collection fo keratin and follicular debris adhering to a hair shaft above the follicular osteum.
follicular cast
45
What is the significance of a follicular cast?
Follicular hyperkeratosis or inflammation
46
What is an example of a follicular cast?
sebaceous adenitis
47
A _____ is accumulation of cells, serum, and/or blood on the skin.
crust; "scab"
48
What is the significance of crust?
Inflammation, leakage through the epidermis (good info in histopath)
49
What are some things that can cause crust?
AI diseases, pyoderm
50
\_\_\_\_\_ is focal loss of the epidermis not extending into the dermis.
erosion
51
What is the significance of erosion?
Physical damage to the skin
52
What is an example of something that can cause erosion?
It can be secondary to scratching or rubbing (pruritus)
53
An _____ is an erosion caused by scratching.
excoriation
54
What is the significance of excoriations?
moderate to severe damage
55
What is an example of when excoriations can happen?
Pruritus resulting in visible "scratches"
56
An _____ is a break in the continuity of the epidermis.
ulcer
57
What is the significance of an ulcer?
Severe damage to the epidermis; indicates loss of protective functions of the epidermis
58
What are examples of things that can cause ulcers?
Infectious diseases (fungal), AI diseases
59
What are fistulous draining tracts?
Ulcers in the epidermis that allow clearing/removal of foreign substances from the dermis/subcutis
60
Fistulous draining tracts most often reflect \_\_\_\_\_.
furunculosis
61
What is this?
Furunculosis (fistulous draining tracts with serosanguinous fluid)
62
\_\_\_\_\_ is an area of thickened epidermis, with accentuated skin markings.
Lichenification
63
What is the significance of lichenification?
Represents area of chronic irritation/inflammation
64
What are examples of lichenification?
Changes secondary to rubbing (i.e. periocular)
65
A _____ is a plug of keratinized and/or sebaceous material in a hair follicle.
comedo (pl. comedones); "blackhead"
66
What is the significance of a comedo?
Hyperkeratosis of the follicle, genetic influences
67
What is an example of a condition that commonly has comedones?
Schnauzer Comedo Syndrome
68
A _____ is an abnormal formation of connective tissue suggesting dermal damage.
cicatrix; "scar"
69
What is the significance of a cicatrix?
Area of previous damage, often irreversible
70
What is an example of a condition with cicatrixes?
Cicatricial alopecia due to dermatomyositis
71
\_\_\_\_\_ is thinning of the epidermis or dermis as a result of loss of normal structures.
Atrophy
72
What is the significance of atrophy?
Physical damage, nutrient damage, alterations in growth factors or control mechanisms
73
What are examples of things that can cause atrophy?
Fragile skin syndrome in hyperadrenocorticism
74
A _____ is a linear break in the epidermis with near-vertical walls.
fissure
75
What is the significance of a fissure?
Extensive damage with extension into the dermis
76
What is an example of a fissure?
Cut in a foot pad
77
What is hyperpigmentation?
Darkening of the skin
78
What is hypopigmentation?
Loss of pigment
79
What is poliosis?
Loss of pigment for the entire hair coat
80
What is leukotrichia?
Individual hairs that have lost pigment
81
What is albinism?
Genetic disease that causes loss of pigment
82
What is leukoderma?
White skin
83
\_\_\_\_\_ is the lack of hair where it was once present.
Alopecia
84
What is the significance of alopecia?
Damage to the follicle, hair shaft, or alterations in growth factors
85
What are some examples of conditions that cause alopecia?
Follicular dysplasia, dermatophytosis, hypoT4
86
What is a single configuration?
Solitary lesions
87
What is a linear configuration?
lesions in a line
88
What is an annular configuration?
Lesions in the shape of a circle or ring with _central clearing_
89
What is an arciform configuration?
Lesion in the shape of an arc or semicircle
90
What is a serpiginous configuration?
Lesion in an undulating line
91
What is an iris or target configuration?
Bilayered circular lesion
92
What is a grouped configuration?
Lesions clumped together
93
What is a confluent configuration?
Merging lesions
94
\_\_\_\_\_ lesions are similar or identical on both sides of the body.
symmetrical
95
Symmetrical lesions are often erroneously classified as _____ (alopecia).
endocrine
96
\_\_\_\_\_ lesions are randomly distributed on the body.
asymmetrical
97
Asymmetrical lesions may become _____ with time.
symmetrical
98
\_\_\_\_\_ lesions are spread relatively evenly throughout the body or one area of the body.
diffuse
99
\_\_\_\_\_ lesions are spotty.
Patchy
100
Patchy most often describes \_\_\_\_\_. What type of appearance is it?
alopecia; moth-eaten
101
What can cause patchy lesions?
Infectious, endocrine disorders
102
\_\_\_\_\_ lesions are located in skin folds.
Intertriginous
103
What areas can have intertriginous lesions?
Lip folds (Cockers), facial folds (brachycephalic breeds), vulvar folds, tail folds, and Sharpeis
104
What do intertriginous lesions usually mean?
Usually represent inflammatory ot infectious processes due to change in microenvironment of the skin on those areas.

Dermatology (14 decks)

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