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Dermatology > Unit 1: Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

_____ lesions are most likely to provide a “diagnosis”

A

primary

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2
Q

What are some examples of primary lesions?

A

papules, pustules, vesicles

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3
Q

_____ lesions occur subsequent to other changes.

A

secondary

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4
Q

What are some examples of secondary lesions?

A

scales, crusts, lichenification, excoriation

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5
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed, flat discolored lesion (black, brown, red).

A

macule

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6
Q

What is the significance of a macule?

A

Pigmentation, hemorrhage

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7
Q

What are examples of things that can cause macules?

A

Genetics (lentigo), ecchymosis (hemorrhage)

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8
Q

A ____ is a macule > 1 cm in diameter.

A

patch

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9
Q

Sometimes _____ will colaesce to form patches.

A

macules

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10
Q

What is the significance of patches?

A

Pigmentation or hemorrhage

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11
Q

What is an example of something that can cause a patch?

A

Post-inflammation pigmentation

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12
Q

A _____ is a solid elevation of the skin < 0.5 cm in diameter.

A

papule

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13
Q

What is the significance of a papule?

A

Infiltration of the skin with fluid, cells, and/or debris

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14
Q

What are some things that can cause papules?

A

Pyoderma, miliary dermatitis

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15
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed elevated lesion filled with leukocytes.

A

pustule

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16
Q

What is the significance of a pustule?

A

inflammation

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17
Q

What are examples of conditions that can have pustules?

A

Pyoderma, AI disease, dermatophytosis

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18
Q

An _____ is a circular ring of scale-crust representing the remains of a pustule, vesicle, or bulla.

A

epidermal collarette

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19
Q

What is the significance of an epidermal collarette?

A

Remnant of primary lesions

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20
Q

What are examples of conditions that can cause epidermal collarettes?

A

Pyoderma, AI disease, dermatophytosis

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21
Q

What is the progression to epidermal collarette formation?

A

Papule –> pustule –> epidermal collarette

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22
Q

A _____ is an edematous plaque.

A

wheal

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23
Q

What is the significance of a wheal?

A

Inflammation, vascular leakage (type I hypersensitivity reactions)

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24
Q

What is an example of something that can cause a wheal?

A

Urticaria

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25
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed, elevated, flat lesion > 0.5 cm in diameter.

A

plaque

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26
Q

What is the significance of a plaque?

A

Cutaneous infiltration of cells or fluid

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27
Q

What is an example of a plaque?

A

feline eosinophilic plaque

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28
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed lesion of free fluid < 0.5 cm in diameter

A

vesicle; “small blister”

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29
Q

What is the significance of a vesicle?

A

Damage to vasculature or BMZ

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30
Q

What are examples of conditions that can have vesicles?

A

Vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid

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31
Q

A _____ is a circumscribed lesion of free fluid > 0.5 cm in diameter

A

bulla; “large blister”

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32
Q

What is the significance of a bulla?

A

Damage to vasculature or BMZ

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33
Q

What is an example of somehting that can cause a bulla?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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34
Q

A _____ is a solid, elevated lesion > 0.5 cm in diameter.

A

nodule

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35
Q

What is the significance of a nodule?

A

Cellular infiltration of the skin

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36
Q

What are examples of nodules?

A

Neoplasia, granulomatous inflammation

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37
Q

A _____ is a solid elevation > 1 cm in diameter.

A

tumor; “large mass” or “bigger nodules”

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38
Q

What can a tumor involve?

A

Any structure in the skin and/or subcutis

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39
Q

What is the significance of a tumor?

A

Cellular infiltration of the skin

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40
Q

What are examples of tumors?

A

Neoplasia, inflammation

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41
Q

A _____ is accumulation of dead epidermal cells on the surface.

A

scale; “dandruff”

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42
Q

What is the significance of scale?

A

Hyperkeratosis, changed epidermal kinetics, inability to slough cells

43
Q

What are examples of scale?

A

Familial seborrhea, sebaceous adenitis

44
Q

A _____ is a collection fo keratin and follicular debris adhering to a hair shaft above the follicular osteum.

A

follicular cast

45
Q

What is the significance of a follicular cast?

A

Follicular hyperkeratosis or inflammation

46
Q

What is an example of a follicular cast?

A

sebaceous adenitis

47
Q

A _____ is accumulation of cells, serum, and/or blood on the skin.

A

crust; “scab”

48
Q

What is the significance of crust?

A

Inflammation, leakage through the epidermis (good info in histopath)

49
Q

What are some things that can cause crust?

A

AI diseases, pyoderm

50
Q

_____ is focal loss of the epidermis not extending into the dermis.

A

erosion

51
Q

What is the significance of erosion?

A

Physical damage to the skin

52
Q

What is an example of something that can cause erosion?

A

It can be secondary to scratching or rubbing (pruritus)

53
Q

An _____ is an erosion caused by scratching.

A

excoriation

54
Q

What is the significance of excoriations?

A

moderate to severe damage

55
Q

What is an example of when excoriations can happen?

A

Pruritus resulting in visible “scratches”

56
Q

An _____ is a break in the continuity of the epidermis.

A

ulcer

57
Q

What is the significance of an ulcer?

A

Severe damage to the epidermis; indicates loss of protective functions of the epidermis

58
Q

What are examples of things that can cause ulcers?

A

Infectious diseases (fungal), AI diseases

59
Q

What are fistulous draining tracts?

A

Ulcers in the epidermis that allow clearing/removal of foreign substances from the dermis/subcutis

60
Q

Fistulous draining tracts most often reflect _____.

A

furunculosis

61
Q

What is this?

A

Furunculosis (fistulous draining tracts with serosanguinous fluid)

62
Q

_____ is an area of thickened epidermis, with accentuated skin markings.

A

Lichenification

63
Q

What is the significance of lichenification?

A

Represents area of chronic irritation/inflammation

64
Q

What are examples of lichenification?

A

Changes secondary to rubbing (i.e. periocular)

65
Q

A _____ is a plug of keratinized and/or sebaceous material in a hair follicle.

A

comedo (pl. comedones); “blackhead”

66
Q

What is the significance of a comedo?

A

Hyperkeratosis of the follicle, genetic influences

67
Q

What is an example of a condition that commonly has comedones?

A

Schnauzer Comedo Syndrome

68
Q

A _____ is an abnormal formation of connective tissue suggesting dermal damage.

A

cicatrix; “scar”

69
Q

What is the significance of a cicatrix?

A

Area of previous damage, often irreversible

70
Q

What is an example of a condition with cicatrixes?

A

Cicatricial alopecia due to dermatomyositis

71
Q

_____ is thinning of the epidermis or dermis as a result of loss of normal structures.

A

Atrophy

72
Q

What is the significance of atrophy?

A

Physical damage, nutrient damage, alterations in growth factors or control mechanisms

73
Q

What are examples of things that can cause atrophy?

A

Fragile skin syndrome in hyperadrenocorticism

74
Q

A _____ is a linear break in the epidermis with near-vertical walls.

A

fissure

75
Q

What is the significance of a fissure?

A

Extensive damage with extension into the dermis

76
Q

What is an example of a fissure?

A

Cut in a foot pad

77
Q

What is hyperpigmentation?

A

Darkening of the skin

78
Q

What is hypopigmentation?

A

Loss of pigment

79
Q

What is poliosis?

A

Loss of pigment for the entire hair coat

80
Q

What is leukotrichia?

A

Individual hairs that have lost pigment

81
Q

What is albinism?

A

Genetic disease that causes loss of pigment

82
Q

What is leukoderma?

A

White skin

83
Q

_____ is the lack of hair where it was once present.

A

Alopecia

84
Q

What is the significance of alopecia?

A

Damage to the follicle, hair shaft, or alterations in growth factors

85
Q

What are some examples of conditions that cause alopecia?

A

Follicular dysplasia, dermatophytosis, hypoT4

86
Q

What is a single configuration?

A

Solitary lesions

87
Q

What is a linear configuration?

A

lesions in a line

88
Q

What is an annular configuration?

A

Lesions in the shape of a circle or ring with central clearing

89
Q

What is an arciform configuration?

A

Lesion in the shape of an arc or semicircle

90
Q

What is a serpiginous configuration?

A

Lesion in an undulating line

91
Q

What is an iris or target configuration?

A

Bilayered circular lesion

92
Q

What is a grouped configuration?

A

Lesions clumped together

93
Q

What is a confluent configuration?

A

Merging lesions

94
Q

_____ lesions are similar or identical on both sides of the body.

A

symmetrical

95
Q

Symmetrical lesions are often erroneously classified as _____ (alopecia).

A

endocrine

96
Q

_____ lesions are randomly distributed on the body.

A

asymmetrical

97
Q

Asymmetrical lesions may become _____ with time.

A

symmetrical

98
Q

_____ lesions are spread relatively evenly throughout the body or one area of the body.

A

diffuse

99
Q

_____ lesions are spotty.

A

Patchy

100
Q

Patchy most often describes _____. What type of appearance is it?

A

alopecia; moth-eaten

101
Q

What can cause patchy lesions?

A

Infectious, endocrine disorders

102
Q

_____ lesions are located in skin folds.

A

Intertriginous

103
Q

What areas can have intertriginous lesions?

A

Lip folds (Cockers), facial folds (brachycephalic breeds), vulvar folds, tail folds, and Sharpeis

104
Q

What do intertriginous lesions usually mean?

A

Usually represent inflammatory ot infectious processes due to change in microenvironment of the skin on those areas.

Dermatology (14 decks)

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