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Dermatology > Unit 1: Alopecic Disorders of Dogs & Cats > Flashcards

Unit 1: Alopecic Disorders of Dogs & Cats Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Outermost layer that has a fish scale appearance, is up to 10 layers thick

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2
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Middle layer where the pigment is contained;

Clear appearance, contributes to sheen

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3
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Innermost layer of vacuated cells;

Degeneration of glycogen that builds up and contributes to sheen;

Contributes to insulating capability

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4
Q

What is the bulb?

A

Active part of the follicle that causes growing

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5
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Middle portion of the follicle that is affected by some AI diseases

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6
Q

What is the bulge of the follicle?

A

Area where the sebaceous glands empty into

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7
Q

What is the infundibulum of the follicle?

A

Opening surface down to where the sebaceous glands open

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8
Q

What is the hair cycle?

A

Anagen –> Catagen –> Telogen –> Exogen

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9
Q

_____ is the active growing phase.

A

anagen

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10
Q

_____ is the transition from growing to non-growing hairs.

A

catagen

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11
Q

____ is the resting phase.

A

telogen

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12
Q

Majority of hairs in dogs and cats are in _____ phase.

A

telogen

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13
Q

_____ is active shedding of the follicle.

A

exogen

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14
Q

What growth phase is this?

A

telogen

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15
Q

What growth phase is this?

A

anagen

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16
Q

What should the ratio of telogen : anagen be?

A

10-20 : 1

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17
Q

What hormones stimulate hair growth?

A

Thyroid, melatonin, growth hormone, androgens

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18
Q

What hormones inhibit hair growth?

A

Cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin

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19
Q

What breed is this and why are they hairless?

A

Chinese Crested - autosomal dominant trait

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20
Q

What breed is this and why are they hairless?

A

Mexican hairless - autosomal dominant trait

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21
Q

What happens if the Mexican Hairless has homozygous dominant alleles?

A

It is lethal

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22
Q

What breed is this and what is special about them?

A

Peruvian Inca Orchid - oldest dog breed on record

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23
Q

What breed is this and why are they bred for?

A

American Hairless Terrier;

Bred for “hyperallergenicity” but allergens are actually in the saliva not the hair

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24
Q

What breed is this and what are the characteristics?

A

Devon Rex;

Primary hairs resemble secondary hairs

Whiskers absent or stubbled

Bald ventral surfaces

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25
What breed is this and what are the characteristics?
Cornish Rex; Lack primary hairs, whiskers are short and curly
26
What breed is this and what are the characteristics?
Sphinx; Have hair follicles and hair fiber hair doesn't form normally, fracture before they get to the surface
27
What alopcic conditions are not treatable?
X-linked/Congenital, canine pattern alopecia, Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia, Color Dilution Alopecia, Breed-Specific Acquired Alopecia
28
What is X-linked/Congenital alopecia?
Genetic mutation with ectodermal differentiation, recessive x-linked gene (males affected)
29
What are characteristics of congenital alopecia?
Varying degrees affecting the head, scral resion, abdomen, and proximal extremities
30
What are characteristics of canine pattern alopecia?
Onset of 6 months, ventral type vs. pinnal type (3-5 yo) vs. alopecia/melanoderma of the Yorkie
31
What is the treatment for canine pattern alopecia?
None; it is a cosmetic problem
32
What are characteristics of black hair follicular dysplasia/color dilution alopecia?
Affects black hair or dilute colors - Dobermans, Silver Labs
33
How is black hair dysplasia/color dilution alopecia diagnosed?
Trichogram - clumping of melanin --\> weakening and fracturing of hair
34
What breeds get Breed Specific Acquired Alopecia?
Chesapeake bay Retrievers, Curly-Coated Retrievers, Portuguese Water Dog, Irish Water Spaniel
35
What areas are affected by breed specific alopecia?
Flanks, dorsum, rump, caudal thighs
36
What is characteristic of alopecia in the Irish Water Spaniel?
Bald neck and tail
37
What alopecic conditions MIGHT be treatable?
Canine Recurrent Flank Alopecia, Bald Thigh Syndrome, Alopecia X
38
What is Canine Recurrent Flank Alopecia AKA?
Seasonal Flank Alopecia
39
What breeds commonly get seasonal flank alopecia?
Boxer, English Bulldog, Airedale Terrier, Schnauzer
40
What are characteristics of seasonal flank alopecia?
Onset at 4 yo, rapid onset of well-demarcated flank alopecia and hyperpigmentation
41
How is seasonal flank alopecia diagnosed?
History, CS, exclusion, biopsy
42
How can seasonal flank alopecia be treated?
Spontaneous regrowth or melatonin to try to prevent episodes from recurring the following year
43
What breed gets bald thigh syndrome?
Greyhounds 2-3 yo
44
What is the potential treatment for bald thigh syndrome?
Regrowth of hair observed in some cases after racing career has finished
45
What breeds are affected by Alopecia X?
Pomeranians, Malamutes, Chows, Keeshonds 1-3 yo
46
What are the CS of Alopecia X?
Symmetrical, hyperpigmentation sparing the head and limbs
47
What is the diagnosis for Alopecia X?
exclusion
48
What is the treatment for Alopecia X?
Benign neglect, neutering, melatonin, pumice stone?
49
What are characteristics of hypothyroidism?
Dull/dry/brittle hair, symmetric alopecia, bridge of nose and tail affected, pyoderma and otitis possible, facial myxedema
50
What is the cause of hypoT4?
primary most common
51
What tests can be used to diagnose hypoT4?
tT4, **fT4**, TSH, TgAA
52
What CBC findings are consistent with hypoT4?
Normocytic, normochromic, non-regen anemia
53
What chem findings are consistent with hypoT4?
hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated ALT/CK
54
What diagnostic is normal in hypoT4?
U/A
55
What characteristics are associated with Cushing's?
Generalized alopecia, thin skin, comedones, calcinosis cutis, pyoderma
56
What is Cushing's caused by?
Pituitary or adrenal tumor
57
What tests are used to diagnose Cushing's?
LDDS (slower), ACTH stim (faster, $$)
58
What CBC findings are consistent with Cushing's?
Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombocytosis
59
What chem findings are consistent with Cushing's?
Elevated ALP +/- ALT
60
What U/A findings are consistent with Cushing's?
Low USG, bacteriuria, elecated UCCR ratio
61
What is the treatment for Cushing's?
Trilostane or Mitotane
62
What are characteristics of hyperestrogenism?
Alopecia of abdomen, thighs, perineal region ## Footnote **Linear preputial dermatosis = pathognomonic**
63
Feminization is more common with \_\_\_\_\_.
cryptorchids
64
What causes hyperestrogenism?
Ovarian cysts/tumors, diethylstilbestrol administration, Sertoli cell tumors, accidental hormone exposure
65
How is hyperestrogenism diagnosed?
Signalment, history, CS, serum estradiol
66
What CBC findings are consistent with hyperestrogenism?
Non-regen anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
67
What diagnostic tests are normal with hyperestrogenism?
Chem and UA
68
\_\_\_\_\_ effluvium is acute onset of hair loss due to antimitotic drugs.
anagen
69
\_\_\_\_\_ effluvium is not as rare, due to stressful event, and hair loss is noted _____ after insult.
Telogen; 1-3 months
70
What is post-clipping alopecia?
Lack of hair regrowth after close clipping for catheters and surgical sites; NOT disease
71
What breeds are predisposed to post-clipping alopecia?
Huskies, Malmutes, Samoyeds, Chows
72
Why does post-clipping alopecia happen?
Breeds have prolonged telogen phases, so only "treatment" is to give the hair time to grow back

Dermatology (14 decks)

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