Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Unit 1: Alopecic Disorders of Dogs & Cats > Flashcards

Unit 1: Alopecic Disorders of Dogs & Cats Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Outermost layer that has a fish scale appearance, is up to 10 layers thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Middle layer where the pigment is contained;

Clear appearance, contributes to sheen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Innermost layer of vacuated cells;

Degeneration of glycogen that builds up and contributes to sheen;

Contributes to insulating capability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the bulb?

A

Active part of the follicle that causes growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Middle portion of the follicle that is affected by some AI diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the bulge of the follicle?

A

Area where the sebaceous glands empty into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the infundibulum of the follicle?

A

Opening surface down to where the sebaceous glands open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hair cycle?

A

Anagen –> Catagen –> Telogen –> Exogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ is the active growing phase.

A

anagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ is the transition from growing to non-growing hairs.

A

catagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ is the resting phase.

A

telogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Majority of hairs in dogs and cats are in _____ phase.

A

telogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ is active shedding of the follicle.

A

exogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What growth phase is this?

A

telogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What growth phase is this?

A

anagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should the ratio of telogen : anagen be?

A

10-20 : 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What hormones stimulate hair growth?

A

Thyroid, melatonin, growth hormone, androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What hormones inhibit hair growth?

A

Cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What breed is this and why are they hairless?

A

Chinese Crested - autosomal dominant trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What breed is this and why are they hairless?

A

Mexican hairless - autosomal dominant trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens if the Mexican Hairless has homozygous dominant alleles?

A

It is lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What breed is this and what is special about them?

A

Peruvian Inca Orchid - oldest dog breed on record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What breed is this and why are they bred for?

A

American Hairless Terrier;

Bred for “hyperallergenicity” but allergens are actually in the saliva not the hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What breed is this and what are the characteristics?

A

Devon Rex;

Primary hairs resemble secondary hairs

Whiskers absent or stubbled

Bald ventral surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What breed is this and what are the characteristics?

A

Cornish Rex;

Lack primary hairs, whiskers are short and curly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What breed is this and what are the characteristics?

A

Sphinx;

Have hair follicles and hair fiber

hair doesn’t form normally, fracture before they get to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What alopcic conditions are not treatable?

A

X-linked/Congenital, canine pattern alopecia, Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia, Color Dilution Alopecia, Breed-Specific Acquired Alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is X-linked/Congenital alopecia?

A

Genetic mutation with ectodermal differentiation, recessive x-linked gene (males affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are characteristics of congenital alopecia?

A

Varying degrees affecting the head, scral resion, abdomen, and proximal extremities

30
Q

What are characteristics of canine pattern alopecia?

A

Onset of 6 months, ventral type vs. pinnal type (3-5 yo) vs. alopecia/melanoderma of the Yorkie

31
Q

What is the treatment for canine pattern alopecia?

A

None; it is a cosmetic problem

32
Q

What are characteristics of black hair follicular dysplasia/color dilution alopecia?

A

Affects black hair or dilute colors - Dobermans, Silver Labs

33
Q

How is black hair dysplasia/color dilution alopecia diagnosed?

A

Trichogram - clumping of melanin –> weakening and fracturing of hair

34
Q

What breeds get Breed Specific Acquired Alopecia?

A

Chesapeake bay Retrievers, Curly-Coated Retrievers, Portuguese Water Dog, Irish Water Spaniel

35
Q

What areas are affected by breed specific alopecia?

A

Flanks, dorsum, rump, caudal thighs

36
Q

What is characteristic of alopecia in the Irish Water Spaniel?

A

Bald neck and tail

37
Q

What alopecic conditions MIGHT be treatable?

A

Canine Recurrent Flank Alopecia, Bald Thigh Syndrome, Alopecia X

38
Q

What is Canine Recurrent Flank Alopecia AKA?

A

Seasonal Flank Alopecia

39
Q

What breeds commonly get seasonal flank alopecia?

A

Boxer, English Bulldog, Airedale Terrier, Schnauzer

40
Q

What are characteristics of seasonal flank alopecia?

A

Onset at 4 yo, rapid onset of well-demarcated flank alopecia and hyperpigmentation

41
Q

How is seasonal flank alopecia diagnosed?

A

History, CS, exclusion, biopsy

42
Q

How can seasonal flank alopecia be treated?

A

Spontaneous regrowth or melatonin to try to prevent episodes from recurring the following year

43
Q

What breed gets bald thigh syndrome?

A

Greyhounds 2-3 yo

44
Q

What is the potential treatment for bald thigh syndrome?

A

Regrowth of hair observed in some cases after racing career has finished

45
Q

What breeds are affected by Alopecia X?

A

Pomeranians, Malamutes, Chows, Keeshonds 1-3 yo

46
Q

What are the CS of Alopecia X?

A

Symmetrical, hyperpigmentation sparing the head and limbs

47
Q

What is the diagnosis for Alopecia X?

A

exclusion

48
Q

What is the treatment for Alopecia X?

A

Benign neglect, neutering, melatonin, pumice stone?

49
Q

What are characteristics of hypothyroidism?

A

Dull/dry/brittle hair, symmetric alopecia, bridge of nose and tail affected, pyoderma and otitis possible, facial myxedema

50
Q

What is the cause of hypoT4?

A

primary most common

51
Q

What tests can be used to diagnose hypoT4?

A

tT4, fT4, TSH, TgAA

52
Q

What CBC findings are consistent with hypoT4?

A

Normocytic, normochromic, non-regen anemia

53
Q

What chem findings are consistent with hypoT4?

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated ALT/CK

54
Q

What diagnostic is normal in hypoT4?

A

U/A

55
Q

What characteristics are associated with Cushing’s?

A

Generalized alopecia, thin skin, comedones, calcinosis cutis, pyoderma

56
Q

What is Cushing’s caused by?

A

Pituitary or adrenal tumor

57
Q

What tests are used to diagnose Cushing’s?

A

LDDS (slower), ACTH stim (faster, $$)

58
Q

What CBC findings are consistent with Cushing’s?

A

Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombocytosis

59
Q

What chem findings are consistent with Cushing’s?

A

Elevated ALP +/- ALT

60
Q

What U/A findings are consistent with Cushing’s?

A

Low USG, bacteriuria, elecated UCCR ratio

61
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing’s?

A

Trilostane or Mitotane

62
Q

What are characteristics of hyperestrogenism?

A

Alopecia of abdomen, thighs, perineal region

Linear preputial dermatosis = pathognomonic

63
Q

Feminization is more common with _____.

A

cryptorchids

64
Q

What causes hyperestrogenism?

A

Ovarian cysts/tumors, diethylstilbestrol administration, Sertoli cell tumors, accidental hormone exposure

65
Q

How is hyperestrogenism diagnosed?

A

Signalment, history, CS, serum estradiol

66
Q

What CBC findings are consistent with hyperestrogenism?

A

Non-regen anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

67
Q

What diagnostic tests are normal with hyperestrogenism?

A

Chem and UA

68
Q

_____ effluvium is acute onset of hair loss due to antimitotic drugs.

A

anagen

69
Q

_____ effluvium is not as rare, due to stressful event, and hair loss is noted _____ after insult.

A

Telogen; 1-3 months

70
Q

What is post-clipping alopecia?

A

Lack of hair regrowth after close clipping for catheters and surgical sites; NOT disease

71
Q

What breeds are predisposed to post-clipping alopecia?

A

Huskies, Malmutes, Samoyeds, Chows

72
Q

Why does post-clipping alopecia happen?

A

Breeds have prolonged telogen phases, so only “treatment” is to give the hair time to grow back

Dermatology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions