Unit 1: Canine Pyoderma Flashcards
What is the major organism associated with canine pyoderma?
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
What organism is this?
Staph pseudintermedius
What are the 8 primary diseases that predispose dogs to pyoderma?
- Allergic hypersensitivity
- Endocrinopathies
- Demodicosis
- Ectodermal dysplasias
- Follicular dysplasias
- Keratinization disorders
- Neoplastic disease
- Immunosuppressive therapy
What is the clinical presentation of pyoderma in dogs?
Patchy, moth-eaten hair coat (folliculitis), pustules, papules, epidermal collarette
What are hot spots?
Sudden areas of deep pyoderma that need systemic treatment;
usually due to fleas
What happens with the seborrheic form of pyoderma?
Skin is turning over quickly and there is overproduction of keratin debris;
Crusting, dry, scaly; wants to hyperpigment and almost looks like lichenification
Where does mucocutaneous pyoderma manifest?
Periocular, nasal planum, perioral, perianal, preputial, around foot pads
Mucocutaneous pyoderma is the #1 DDx for _____.
discoid lupus
How can you differentiate between mucocutaneous pyoderma and DLE?
See cocci and treat and goes away = pyoderma
Does not go away = consider biopsy for DLE
T/F: Chin pyoderma is a true bacterial infection
False
What is chin pyoderma?
Combo of lifestyle, ingrown hairs, ruptured hair follicles, etc.
What dogs get chin pyoderma?
Short haired bristly dogs (i.e. Vizslas)
What is the treatment length for superficial pyoderma?
21 days or 1 week past clinical resolution
What is the treatment length for deep pyoderma?
6 weeks or 2 weeks past clinical resolution
What are the 3 R’s of pyoderma?
Relapse, recurrence, resistance
What is recurrence?
Failure to address underlying cause
What is resistance?
Failure to resolve with appropriate therapy
What is methicillin resistance?
Most important antimicrobial resistance of staph spp, carried by the mecA gene which encodes for an altered penicillin binding protein
What drugs are affected by methicillin resistance?
All B-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)
What is the drug of choice for pyoderma?
Cephalexin
What drug is good for abscesses in pyoderma?
clindamycin
What potentiated drug can be used that has broad spectrum activity?
Amoxicillin + calvulanic acid
What 3rd generation cephalosporin is good for when there may be compliance issues?
Cefpodoxime - only given SID
What 3rd generation cephalosporin is an injectable that is good for low compliance or the angry kitties?
cefovecin (convenia)
What are the 2nd tier drugs and when do we use them?
Only use when indicated by the C&S:
Clindamycin, tetracyclines, FQs, chloramphenicol, potentiated sulfas, aminoglycosides, rifampin
The tetracyclines are bacterio_____.
static
The FQs are bacteri_____.
cidal
Where do FQs concentrate?
in WBCs
Chloramphenicol is bacterio____.
static
FQs are _____ dependent.
concentration
Chloramphenicol is _____ dependent.
time
How often is Chloramphenicol given and what can it cause in SA?
TID; can cause reversible bone marrow suppression
The potentiated sulfas are bacterio_____.
cidal
Why should we be cautious when using potentiated sulfas and in what breed is this the worst?
They have the most adverse effects of any drug; DO NOT use in Dobermans
Aminoglycosides are bacterio_____ and _____ dependent.
cidal, concentration
What are the adverse effects of the aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity and ototixicity
Rifampin is bacteri_____.
cidal/static
What is the main adverse effect of the potentiated sulfas?
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
What is the main adverse effect of the aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
What is the go-to topical agent for pyoderma?
Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is synergistic with _____.
azoles
How does benzoyl peroxide work?
By lysis/oxidative burst; it is bactericidal
What is the downside to benzoyl peroxide?
It is drying, irritating, and bleaching
Benzoyl peroxide is not a good long-term option for _____ patients.
atopic
What is similar to benzoyl peroxide but less effective?
ethyl lactate
What are the downsides to using boric acid/acetic acid combos?
It is astringent (drying), causes skin irritation, and has questionable efficacy
What topical is used for highly resistant bacteria?
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
What topical is labor intensive and mimics oxidative burst?
hypochlorous acid
What is mupirocin good for?
G+ bacteria; has good wound penetration
What is SSD good for?
G-; enhances epithelialization
