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Dermatology > Unit 1: Ectoparasites in Dogs & Cats > Flashcards

Unit 1: Ectoparasites in Dogs & Cats Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms cause Cheyletiellosis?

A

Cheyletiella yasguri, blakeii, parasitovorax

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2
Q

Where does the life cycle of Cheyletiella take place?

A

On the surface of the animal; eggs are attached to hairs

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3
Q

T/F: Cheyletiella is zoonotic

A

True

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4
Q

What organism is this and how do you know?

A

Cheyletiella mite;

Has 4 pairs of legs and characteristic mouthparts with hooks used for grasping and holding onto hairs

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5
Q

What are clinical features of Cheyletiellosis?

A

Variable levels of pruritus;

Scaling, erythema progressing to crusts, excoriations;

Scales often found over the base of the tail in puppies;

Multiple animals often involved

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6
Q

What other species of animal gets Cheyletiella?

A

Rabbits

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7
Q

How is Cheyletiellosis diagnosed?

A

Direct observation with magnifying lens, tape prep, skin scrape, fecal float (bc animals lick themselves), flea comb

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8
Q

What are the treatments of choice for Cheyletiellosis?

A

Ivermectin, Selamectin (Revolution), and Advantage Multi

Topical acaricides for 3-4 treatments (lime sulfur, amitraz, carbamates)

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9
Q

In addition to drugs, what can be done to remedy Cheyletiellosis?

A

Disinfect the environment

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10
Q

What is Lynxacarus radovsky?

A

Feline fur mite that does not occur in the continental U.S.

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11
Q

What are synonyms for notoedric mange?

A

Feline scabies, head mange

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12
Q

What organism causes notoedric mange?

A

Notoedres cati

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13
Q

The life cycle of Notoedres cati is similar to _____.

A

Sarcoptes spp.

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14
Q

What is the significance of notoedric mange?

A

It is highly contagious and zoonotic

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15
Q

What are clinical signs/features of notoedric mange?

A

Intense pruritus around the head, ears and neck initially;

Clinical features = alopecia, scaling, erythema, crusts

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16
Q

What do Notoedres mites look like?

A

Have long, unjointed stalk on end of leg

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17
Q

What are treatments for notoedric mange?

A

Topical acaricides (lime sulfur and Bravecto for cats);

Systemic insecticides (ivermectin, revolution, advantage multi)

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18
Q

In addition to drugs, what can be used to remedy notoedric mange?

A

Treating all exposed cats and decontaminating the environment

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19
Q

What are synonyms for otoacariasis?

A

Ear mites, otodectic mange

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20
Q

What organism causes otodectic mange?

A

Otodectes cynotis

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21
Q

How long is the life cycle of Otodectes?

A

3 weeks

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22
Q

How is otodectic mange transmitted?

A

Direct contact

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23
Q

What does the pathogenesis of otodectic mange include?

A

Irritation and hypersensitivity reactions

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24
Q

What are the clinical features of otodectic mange?

A

Pruritus of one or both ears, head shaking, accumulation of dark/dry/granular exudate in the opening of the ear canal

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25
Q

How is otodectic mange diagnosed?

A

Direct visualization (otoscope), cytology

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26
Q

What organism is this and how do you know?

A

Otodectes mite - short, unjointed pedicels

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27
Q

How is otodectic mange treated?

A

Ears are cleaned thoroughly, and a topical miticidal agent or systemic acaricide is used

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28
Q

What are the topical miticidal agents used for otodectic mange?

A

Ivermectin, pyrethrins, rotenone, thiabendazole

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29
Q

What is the course of treatment for otodectic mange?

A

Apply topical agent daily or EOD for 3 weeks, apply insecticide to rest of body weekly

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30
Q

What are the systemic acaricides that can be used for otodectic mange?

A

Revolution, Adv Multi, Ivermectin, Bravecto (cats), Simparica/sarolaner (dogs)

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31
Q

What is the synonym for pediculosis?

A

lice infestation

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32
Q

What organisms cause pediculosis?

A
  • Trichodectes canis* = dog
  • Linognathus setosus* = (sucking) dog
  • Felicola subrostratus* = cat
33
Q

What is the lice life cycle?

A

17-21 days

34
Q

How is pediculosis transmitted?

A

Direct contact and via fomites

35
Q

What can lice cause?

A

Irritation, hypersensitivities, blood loss

36
Q

What are clinical features of pediculosis?

A

Varying degrees of pruritus, alopecia, scale, crusts, erythema;

miliary dermatitis in cats;

lice and nits are visible

37
Q

How is pediculosis diagnosed?

A

Visualization of lice or nits, flea comb, skin scrape

38
Q

What is this?

A

Trichodectes canis

39
Q

What is this?

A

Felicola subrostratus

40
Q

What is this?

A

Felicola subrostratus

41
Q

Felicola is a ____ louse.

A

chewing

42
Q

How is pediculosis treated?

A

Topical parasiticides such as lime sulfur, carbamates, yrethrins, Adv multi, Selamectin, Fipronil, seresto collars

43
Q

What lice is selamectin effective against?

A

biting

44
Q

What live is fipronil (frontline) effective against?

A

Trichodectes

45
Q

What lice are seresto collars effective against?

A

Trichodectes

46
Q

Why are lice not considered a public health risk?

A

They are host-specific

47
Q

What area does fly dermatitis affect?

A

Affects tip of ears or non-haired areas, caused by various fly spp.

48
Q

What lesions are seen with fly dermatitis?

A

Crusts, hemorrhage, pruritus

49
Q

How are fly dermatitis bites treated?

A

symptomatically

50
Q

What is used for prophylaxis of fly dermatitis?

A

Insect repellants (permethrin)

51
Q

What animals does fly strike affect?

A

Young or old and animals with disease

52
Q

How is fly strike different from screwworm infestation?

A

Fly strike occurs in skin that is already devitalized, whereas screwworm burrows in healthy tissue

53
Q

What is the classic appearance for fly strike?

A

honeycomb appearance

54
Q

What caused this?

A

Fly strike

55
Q

How is fly strike managed?

A

Manual removal of larvae, capstar, systemic antimicrobials, control shock

56
Q

What should NOT be done when managing fly strike?

A

Topical insecticides due to open wounds

57
Q

What causes cuterebriasis?

A

Larvae of Cuterebra spp botfly

58
Q

Where do cuterebra larvae develop?

A

In SQ cyst with breathing pore

59
Q

What lesions are present with cuterebriasis?

A

Nodule with small central opening that may be draining serosanguinous fluid

60
Q

How is cuterebriasis treated?

A

Manual removal of larva and symptomatic care of the cyst

61
Q

What is the synonym for pelodera dermatitis?

A

rhabditic mange

62
Q

What organism causes pelodera dermatitis?

A

Pelodera strongyloides

63
Q

What is associated with pelodera dermatitis?

A

Damp bedding (straw)

64
Q

What lesions are seen with pelodera dermatitis?

A

Ventral erythema and pruritus

65
Q

How is pelodera dermatitis diagnosed?

A

skin scrape

66
Q

How is pelodera dermatitis treated?

A

Topical insecticides, ivermectin

67
Q

What is pelodera dermatitis sometimes called?

A

“Waterline” disease; animal looks like it has been standing in the water

68
Q

What is the synonym for ancylostomiasis?

A

hookworm dermatitis

69
Q

What causes ancylostomiasis?

A

Migration of hookworm larvae

70
Q

What causes ancylostomiasis lesions?

A

Irritation and hypersensitivity

71
Q

What is the treatment for ancylostomiasis?

A

ivermectin, glucocorticoids for pruritus, disinfect environment

72
Q

What is the pathogenesis of disease of ticks?

A

Mechanical irritation –> hypersensitivity reactions –> blood loss –> vectors of disease (RMSF, Lyme) –> secretion of toxins (neurotoxin)

73
Q

How is tick infestation treated?

A

Manual removal, insecticide rinses/pour-ons, treating environment with sprays

74
Q

How can ticks be prevented?

A

Collars, insecticides

75
Q

What 3 products are good and labeled for ticks?

A

Revolution, Vectra 3D, isoxazolines

76
Q

What tick is Revolution labeled for?

A

Dermacentor variabilis

77
Q

What ticks is Vectra 3D labeled for?

A
  • Rhipicephalus spp*
  • Dermacentor spp*
  • Ixodes spp*
  • Amblyomma spp*
78
Q

What ticks are the isoxazolines labeled for?

A

Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)

Ixodes spp

Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)

Dermatology (14 decks)

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