Unit 2 Key Area 2

Question 1

Enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule often making it more reactive.

Answer 1

Phosphorylation

Question 2

Role played by ATP between energy-releasing and energy-consuming reactions.

Answer 2

Energy transfer

Question 3

Enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons from the respiratory substrate.

Answer 3

Dehydrogenase

Question 4

Respiratory substrate that provides energy for the regeneration of ATP.

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

Low energy molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups.

Answer 5

ADP

Question 6

Inorganic phosphate group needed to make ATP from ADP.

Answer 6

Pi

Question 7

High energy molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups.

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

series of metabolic pathways which release energy from food allowing ATP to be regenerated.

Answer 8

Cellular respiration

Question 9

Enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP.

Answer 9

ATP synthase

Question 10

The final hydrogen acceptor which combines with hydrogen ions (and electrons) to form water.

Answer 10

Oxygen

Question 11

Product of fermentation in animal cells.

Answer 11

Lactate

Question 12

Compound formed when glucose undergoes glycolysis

Answer 12

Pyruvate

Question 13

Product of fermentation in plants

Answer 13

Ethanol

Question 14

Metabolite formed from oxaloacetate and an acetyl group

Answer 14

Citrate

Question 15

Coenzyme molecule that acts as hydrogen acceptor

Answer 15

NAD

Question 16

Location of electron transport chain in cells

Answer 16

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

Metabolic pathway which breaks down glucose into pyruvate

Answer 17

Glycolysis

Question 18

First phase of glycolysis which requires ATP

Answer 18

Energy investment

Question 19

Gaseous product of aerobic respiration (and fermentation in plant cells)

Answer 19

carbon dioxide

Question 20

Compound formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A in the presence of oxygen

Answer 20

Acetyl coenzyme A

Question 21

Circular metabolic pathway of stages controlled by enzymes that remove hydrogen ions from the respiratory substrate.

Answer 21

Citric acid cycle

Question 22

Form of cellular respiration involving partial breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen

Answer 22

Fermentation

Question 23

Second phase of glycolysis which generates ATP

Answer 23

Energy payoff

Question 24

Final product of aerobic respiration when oxygen combines with hydrogen

Answer 24

Water

Question 25

Metabolite in the citric acid cycle which combines with an acetyl group to form citrate

Answer 25

Oxaloacetate

Question 26

Group of protein molecules in a mitochondrial membrane which make energy available to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

Answer 26

Electron transport chain