Unit 2 Key Area 2 Flashcards
Enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule often making it more reactive.
Phosphorylation
Role played by ATP between energy-releasing and energy-consuming reactions.
Energy transfer
Enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons from the respiratory substrate.
Dehydrogenase
Respiratory substrate that provides energy for the regeneration of ATP.
Glucose
Low energy molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups.
ADP
Inorganic phosphate group needed to make ATP from ADP.
Pi
High energy molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups.
ATP
series of metabolic pathways which release energy from food allowing ATP to be regenerated.
Cellular respiration
Enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP.
ATP synthase
The final hydrogen acceptor which combines with hydrogen ions (and electrons) to form water.
Oxygen
Product of fermentation in animal cells.
Lactate
Compound formed when glucose undergoes glycolysis
Pyruvate
Product of fermentation in plants
Ethanol
Metabolite formed from oxaloacetate and an acetyl group
Citrate
Coenzyme molecule that acts as hydrogen acceptor
NAD
Location of electron transport chain in cells
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Metabolic pathway which breaks down glucose into pyruvate
Glycolysis
First phase of glycolysis which requires ATP
Energy investment
Gaseous product of aerobic respiration (and fermentation in plant cells)
carbon dioxide
Compound formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A in the presence of oxygen
Acetyl coenzyme A
Circular metabolic pathway of stages controlled by enzymes that remove hydrogen ions from the respiratory substrate.
Citric acid cycle
Form of cellular respiration involving partial breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation
Second phase of glycolysis which generates ATP
Energy payoff
Final product of aerobic respiration when oxygen combines with hydrogen
Water
Metabolite in the citric acid cycle which combines with an acetyl group to form citrate
Oxaloacetate
Group of protein molecules in a mitochondrial membrane which make energy available to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.
Electron transport chain
