Unit 2 Key Area 1 Flashcards
Difference that exists between two regions resulting in diffusion.
Concentration gradient
Step in metabolic pathway that can operate in both a forward and backward direction.
Reversable
Movement of molecules or ions through a cell membrane form a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Active transport
Movement of molecules or ions through a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Type of metabolic pathway that brings about the biosynthesis of complex molecules and requires energy.
Anabolism
Type of metabolic pathway that brings about the breakdown of complex molecules and releases energy.
Catabolism
Type of protein molecule in a cell membrane containing a pore through which specific substances are able to diffuse.
Channel-forming
Type of protein molecule that actively pumps specific ions into/out of a cell.
Carrier
Step(s) in a metabolic pathway that allow the regular steps to be bypassed.
Alternative route
Sum of all the biochemical reactions occurring within a living organism.
Metabolism
Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and remains unaltered by the reaction.
Catalyst
Complementary relationship of a molecular structure allowing an enzyme to combine with one type of substrate only.
Specificity
Substance formed as a result of of an enzyme acting on its substrate.
End product
Substance upon which an enzyme acts, resulting in the formation on an end product
Substrate
Energy needed to break the chemical bonds in the reactants in a chemical reaction.
Activation energy
Region in an enzyme molecule where the complementary surface of its substrate molecule becomes attached.
Active site
Degree of chemical attraction between reactant molecules.
Affinity
State of reactant molecules that have absorbed enough energy to break their bonds and allow the reaction to occur.
Transition
Protein made by living cells that acts as a biological catalyst.
Enzyme
State of close molecular contact resulting from change in shape of an enzyme’s active site to accommodate its substrate.
Induced fit
Way in which molecules of two reactants are held together as determined by the shape of the enzymes active site.
orientation
Amount of chemical change that occurs per unit time
Reaction rate
Process by which a metabolite at a later stage in a pathway builds up and prevents the activity of an enzyme controlling an earlier stage
Feedback inhibition
Type of inhibitor that becomes attached to a non-active site on an enzyme and changes the enzymes molecular shape.
non-competitive
Region on an enzyme molecule to which the complementary surface molecule becomes attached.
Active site
Type of inhibitor with a molecular structure similar to an enzymes substrate enabling it to become attached to the enzymes active site.
Competitive
Regulatory molecule that halts or decreases the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction
inhibitor
