Unit 2 - Chapter 13 - Blood

Question 1

expand on blood tissue components

Answer 1

• Liquid fraction of whole blood (extracellular
  part) called plasma
• Cellular components suspended in the
  plasma make up the formed elements

Question 2

what are normal volumes of blood/elements/plasma

Answer 2

• Plasma: 2.6 L
• Formed elements: 2.4 L
• Whole blood: 4 to 6 L average or 7% to 9%
  of total body weight

Question 3

expand on blood pH

Answer 3

• Blood is alkaline: pH 7.35 to pH 7.45
• Blood pH decreased toward neutral creates
  a condition called acidosis

Question 4

expand on blood donations

Answer 4

• Approximately 14 million units donated
  annually
• Plasma volume expanders (such as
  albumin) can only maintain blood volume
  after hemorrhage for short periods
• Storage of donated blood limited to 6 weeks

Question 5

what is blod plasma

Answer 5

Liquid fraction of whole blood minus
formed elements

Question 6

what is the composition of blood plasma

Answer 6

Water containing many dissolved
substances, including:
- Nutrients, salts
- About 3% of total O2 transported in blood
- About 5% of total CO2

Question 7

what are the different plasma proteins found in plasma

Answer 7

• Albumins
• Globulins
• Fibrinogen
• Prothrombin

Question 8

what is plasma called without the clotting factors

Answer 8

serum

Question 9

expand on blood serum

Answer 9

• Serum is liquid remaining after whole blood
  clots
• Serum contains antibodies

Question 10

what are the different formed elements of blood

Answer 10

RBCs (erythrocytes)

WBCs (leukocytes)
- Granular leukocytes (Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils)
- Agranular leukocytes (Lymphocytes and monocytes)
- Platelets; also called thrombocytes

Question 11

expand on the numbers of formed elements of blood

Answer 11

• RBCs: 4.2 to 6.2 million/mm3 of blood
• WBCs: 5000 to 10,000/mm3 of blood
• Platelets: 150,000 to 400,000/mm3 of blood

Question 12

expand on the formation of blood cells

Answer 12

• Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) forms all
  blood cells except some lymphocytes and
  monocytes
• Most other cells formed by lymphoid tissue
  in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen

Question 13

what does a erythrocyte do

Answer 13

oxygen and carbon dioxide tranport

Question 14

what does a neutrophil do

Answer 14

immune denfense (phagocytosis)

Question 15

what does a eosinophil do

Answer 15

defense against parasites

Question 16

what does a basophil do

Answer 16

inflammatory response and heparin secretion

Question 17

what does a b lymphocyte do

Answer 17

antibody production precursor of plasma cells

Question 18

what does a t lymphocyte cell do

Answer 18

cellular immune response

Question 19

what does a monocyte do

Answer 19

immune defenses (phagocytosis)

Question 20

what does a thrombocyte do

Answer 20

clots blood

Question 21

what do most blood diseases result from

Answer 21

failure of myeloid and lymphoid tissues

Question 22

what are the causes of blood diseases

Answer 22

-toxic chemicals
- radiation
- inherited defects
- nutritional deficiencies
- cancers, including leukemia

Question 23

what is aspiration biopsy cytology

Answer 23

Aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC)
permits examination of blood-forming
tissues to assist in diagnosis of blood
diseases, if bone marrow failure is
suspected

Question 24

what can be used to replace diseased or destroyed blood-forming tissues

Answer 24

Bone marrow, cord blood, and
hematopoietic stem cell transplants
may be used

Question 25

expand on the structural finds of red blood cells

Answer 25

• Tough and flexible plasma membrane
  deforms easily, allowing RBCs to pass
  through small-diameter capillaries
• Biconcave disk (thin center and thicker
  edges) results in large cellular surface area
• Absence of nucleus and cytoplasmic
  organelles limits life span to about 120 days
  but provides more cellular space for red
  pigment called hemoglobin (Hb)

Question 26

what is the function of red blood cells

Answer 26

• transportation of respiratory gases
• homeostasis of acid-base balance

Question 27

what is complete blood cell count

Answer 27

battery of labratory tests used to measure the amounts or levels of many blood constituents