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Anamtomy & Physiology > Unit 1 - Chapter 7 - Skin + Membranes > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chapter 7 - Skin + Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

what does the term membrane refer to as

A

a thin, sheetlike structure

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2
Q

what are the 2 functions of membranes

A
  • cover and protect
  • secreting lubricating fluids that reduce friction
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3
Q

what are the 2 types of membranes and briefy describe them

A
  • epithelial membranes are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue
  • connective tissue membranes are composed of connection tissues and no epithelial cells whatsoever
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4
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial membranes

A

cutaneous membrane
serous membrane
mucous membran e

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5
Q

cutaneous membrane

is it the primary organ of the integumentary system

A

yes

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6
Q

cutaneous membrane

what are its layers consisted of

A

superficial layer of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue

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7
Q

serous membrane

where are they found

A

only on surfaces within closed cavities

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8
Q

serous membrane

describe its layers

A
  • epithelial layer made of squamous epithelium
  • connective tissue layer that forms a gluelike membrane that holds together the epithelial layer
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9
Q

serous membrane

what is it called when it lines the wall of a body cavity

A

parietal layer

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10
Q

serous membrane

what is it called when it folds inward to cover the surface of organs

A

visceral layer

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11
Q

serous membrane

what is it called in the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

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12
Q

serous membrane

what is it called in the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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13
Q

serous membrane

what is pleurisy or pleuritis characterized by

A

inflammation of a serous membrane (pleura) that lines one side of the chest cavity and covers a lung

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14
Q

serous membrane

what is the term peritonitis used to describe

A

the inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

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15
Q

mucous membrane

describe the layers

A
  • epithelial layer
  • connective tissue layer
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16
Q

mucous membrane

provide examples of the above

A

those lining the respiratory tract, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

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17
Q

mucous membrane

what type of cells make up the membrane

A

stratified squamous
simple columnar
pseudostratified epithelia

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18
Q

mucous membrane

what is the lamina propria

A

the connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes

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19
Q

mucous membrane

what is the term mucocutaneous junction used to describe

A

a transitional area that serves as a point of fusion where skin and mucous membranes meet

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20
Q

what are connective tissue membranes called

A

synovial membranes

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21
Q

synovial membrane

expand on what they line and what they secrete

A
  • line the joint capsules that surround artificial bones and the small sacs that are found between moving body parts
  • secrete smooth, colorless lubricating fluid
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22
Q

what are some statisitcs about that the skin

A
  • 500 sweat glands
  • more than 1000 nerve endings
  • yards of tiny blood vessels
  • nearly 100 oil glands
  • millions of skin cells
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23
Q

what are the 2 main layers the skin is composed of

A

the epidermis and dermis

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24
Q

describe the epidermis

A

superficial outermost later of the skin that is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

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25
Q

describe the dermis

A

deepest of the layers, thicker than the epidermis and is made mostly of connective tissues

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26
Q

what is the layer that the skin is supported by

A

hypodermis

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27
Q

epidermis

what are the basal cells of the innermost layer called and what do they do

A

stratum germinativum
- they undergo mitosis and reproduce themselves

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28
Q

epidermis

what is keratin

A

tough waterproof protein that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin protection

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29
Q

epidermis

what is the keratinized outer layer of the epidermis called

A

stratum corneum

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30
Q

melanin

what layer is responsible for producing pigment

A

deepest cell layer of the stratum germinativum

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31
Q

melanin

where is melanin produced

A

produced by cells called melanocyes in the basal layer

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32
Q

melanin

what is an important function

A

to absorb harmful uv rays from the sun before it reaches the epidermis

33
Q

what is vitiligo

A

a condition of patchy looking areas of light skin resulting from the aquired loss of epidermal melanocytes

34
Q

what is albinism

A

partial of total loss of melanin pigment

35
Q

what is the dermal-epidermal junction

A

the junction between the epidermal layer skin above the dermal layer below that forms a basement membrane

36
Q

what are dermal papillae

A

small nipplelike bumps that project upward from the dermis into the epidermis

37
Q

subcutaneous tissue

what is another name for it

A

superficial fascia

38
Q

subcutaneous tissue

describe the texture and what it allows for

A
  • loose spongy nature allows sliding movement of the skin over the muscles and bones as the body moves
39
Q

what is the hair on a newborn called

A

lanugo

40
Q

what is alopecia areata

A

sudden hair loss in round or oval patches on the scalp

41
Q

what muscle is in charge of goosebumps

A

arrector pili

42
Q

how do nails develop

A

when epidermal cells over the fingers/toes fill with keratin and become hards and platelike

43
Q

nails

what is the lunula

A

the crescent white shape

44
Q

nails

what is onycholysis

A

loosening of the nail from the nail bed with a resulting seperation that starts at the distal or free edge of the affected nail

45
Q

skin receptors

what detects deep pressure in the dermis

A

lamellar corpuscle

46
Q

skin receptors

what detects light touch

A

tactile corpuscle

47
Q

whats another name for sweat glands

A

sudoriferous glands

48
Q

what are the 2 kinds of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

49
Q

what does eccrine glands produce

A

transparent watery liquid called sweat that is released through ducts directly onto the skin surface

50
Q

what does sweat assist in

A
  • the ellimination of waste products such as ammonia and uric acid
  • maintaining body temperature
51
Q

what do apocrine sweat glands release and where are they found

A
  • release a thick milky secretion through ducts that empty into hair follicles
  • found in armpit and near genitals
52
Q

what are the 5 functions of the skin

A
  • protection
  • temperature regulation
  • sense organ activity
  • excretion
  • synthesis of vitamin d
53
Q

what can any condition of the skin be called

A

dermatosis

54
Q

what is a lesion

A

any variation from the typical structure of the skin

55
Q

what is a papule

A

firm raised lesion

56
Q

what is a plaque

A

large raised lesion

57
Q

what is a vesicle

A

thin walled blister with fluid

58
Q

what is a pustule

A

elevated lesion filed with pus

59
Q

what is a crust

A

scab

60
Q

what is a wheal/hive

A

firm, raised area of irregular shape with a light center

61
Q

what is a macule

A

area distingushed from surrounding skin by color

62
Q

what is a patch

A

large macules

63
Q

what is a excoriation

A

area is which epidermis is missing and the dermis is exposed

64
Q

what is atrophy

A

when skin is depressed showing loss of tissue

65
Q

what is an ulcer

A

craterlike lesion caused by disintegration of skin

66
Q

what is a fissure

A

linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis

67
Q

what is one of the most frequent problems of skin

A

burns

68
Q

what 3 factors determine the severity of burns

A
  • depth and number of tissues involved
  • total body surface affected
  • type of homeostatic mechanisms that are damaged/destroyed
69
Q

what is a parital thickness burn and whats another term for it

A

damages all or part of the epidermis, leaving at least part of the dermis intact
- first degree burn or second degree burn

70
Q

what is a full thickness burn and whats another term for it

A

complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis
- third degree burn

71
Q

whats a 4th degree burn

A
  • a burn thar reaches muscle or bone
72
Q

when estimating body surface area when it comes to burns, describe the rule of nines

A
  • divides the body into 11 areas of 9% each and then the genitals make up 1%
73
Q

what is impetigo

A

a highly contagious condition that results from staph or steph infection - results in discoloration of skin and crusts

74
Q

what is tinea

A

fungal infections of the skin such as ringworm and athletes foot

75
Q

what are warts

A

benign neoplams

76
Q

what are scabies

A

contagious skin condition caused by the itch mite

77
Q

whats another name for pressure sores

A

decubitus ulcers

78
Q

what is scleroderma

A

autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissues of the skin

79
Q

what is psoriasis

A

a chronic skin confition of scale like plaques

Anamtomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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