Unit 1 - Chapter 7 - Skin + Membranes

Question 1

what does the term membrane refer to as

Answer 1

a thin, sheetlike structure

Question 2

what are the 2 functions of membranes

Answer 2

• cover and protect
• secreting lubricating fluids that reduce friction

Question 3

what are the 2 types of membranes and briefy describe them

Answer 3

• epithelial membranes are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue
• connective tissue membranes are composed of connection tissues and no epithelial cells whatsoever

Question 4

what are the 3 types of epithelial membranes

Answer 4

cutaneous membrane
serous membrane
mucous membran e

Question 5

cutaneous membrane

is it the primary organ of the integumentary system

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

cutaneous membrane

what are its layers consisted of

Answer 6

superficial layer of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue

Question 7

serous membrane

where are they found

Answer 7

only on surfaces within closed cavities

Question 8

serous membrane

describe its layers

Answer 8

• epithelial layer made of squamous epithelium
• connective tissue layer that forms a gluelike membrane that holds together the epithelial layer

Question 9

serous membrane

what is it called when it lines the wall of a body cavity

Answer 9

parietal layer

Question 10

serous membrane

what is it called when it folds inward to cover the surface of organs

Answer 10

visceral layer

Question 11

serous membrane

what is it called in the thoracic cavity

Answer 11

pleura

Question 12

serous membrane

what is it called in the abdominal cavity

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

serous membrane

what is pleurisy or pleuritis characterized by

Answer 13

inflammation of a serous membrane (pleura) that lines one side of the chest cavity and covers a lung

Question 14

serous membrane

what is the term peritonitis used to describe

Answer 14

the inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

Question 15

mucous membrane

describe the layers

Answer 15

• epithelial layer
• connective tissue layer

Question 16

mucous membrane

provide examples of the above

Answer 16

those lining the respiratory tract, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

Question 17

mucous membrane

what type of cells make up the membrane

Answer 17

stratified squamous
simple columnar
pseudostratified epithelia

Question 18

mucous membrane

what is the lamina propria

Answer 18

the connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes

Question 19

mucous membrane

what is the term mucocutaneous junction used to describe

Answer 19

a transitional area that serves as a point of fusion where skin and mucous membranes meet

Question 20

what are connective tissue membranes called

Answer 20

synovial membranes

Question 21

synovial membrane

expand on what they line and what they secrete

Answer 21

• line the joint capsules that surround artificial bones and the small sacs that are found between moving body parts
• secrete smooth, colorless lubricating fluid

Question 22

what are some statisitcs about that the skin

Answer 22

• 500 sweat glands
• more than 1000 nerve endings
• yards of tiny blood vessels
• nearly 100 oil glands
• millions of skin cells

Question 23

what are the 2 main layers the skin is composed of

Answer 23

the epidermis and dermis

Question 24

describe the epidermis

Answer 24

superficial outermost later of the skin that is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 25

describe the dermis

Answer 25

deepest of the layers, thicker than the epidermis and is made mostly of connective tissues

Question 26

what is the layer that the skin is supported by

Answer 26

hypodermis

Question 27

epidermis what are the basal cells of the innermost layer called and what do they do

Answer 27

stratum germinativum - they undergo mitosis and reproduce themselves

Question 28

epidermis what is keratin

Answer 28

tough waterproof protein that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin protection

Question 29

epidermis what is the keratinized outer layer of the epidermis called

Answer 29

stratum corneum

Question 30

melanin what layer is responsible for producing pigment

Answer 30

deepest cell layer of the stratum germinativum

Question 31

melanin where is melanin produced

Answer 31

produced by cells called melanocyes in the basal layer

Question 32

melanin what is an important function

Answer 32

to absorb harmful uv rays from the sun before it reaches the epidermis

Question 33

what is vitiligo

Answer 33

a condition of patchy looking areas of light skin resulting from the aquired loss of epidermal melanocytes

Question 34

what is albinism

Answer 34

partial of total loss of melanin pigment

Question 35

what is the dermal-epidermal junction

Answer 35

the junction between the epidermal layer skin above the dermal layer below that forms a basement membrane

Question 36

what are dermal papillae

Answer 36

small nipplelike bumps that project upward from the dermis into the epidermis

Question 37

subcutaneous tissue what is another name for it

Answer 37

superficial fascia

Question 38

subcutaneous tissue describe the texture and what it allows for

Answer 38

- loose spongy nature allows sliding movement of the skin over the muscles and bones as the body moves

Question 39

what is the hair on a newborn called

Answer 39

lanugo

Question 40

what is alopecia areata

Answer 40

sudden hair loss in round or oval patches on the scalp

Question 41

what muscle is in charge of goosebumps

Answer 41

arrector pili

Question 42

how do nails develop

Answer 42

when epidermal cells over the fingers/toes fill with keratin and become hards and platelike

Question 43

nails what is the lunula

Answer 43

the crescent white shape

Question 44

nails what is onycholysis

Answer 44

loosening of the nail from the nail bed with a resulting seperation that starts at the distal or free edge of the affected nail

Question 45

skin receptors what detects deep pressure in the dermis

Answer 45

lamellar corpuscle

Question 46

skin receptors what detects light touch

Answer 46

tactile corpuscle

Question 47

whats another name for sweat glands

Answer 47

sudoriferous glands

Question 48

what are the 2 kinds of sweat glands

Answer 48

eccrine and apocrine

Question 49

what does eccrine glands produce

Answer 49

transparent watery liquid called sweat that is released through ducts directly onto the skin surface

Question 50

what does sweat assist in

Answer 50

- the ellimination of waste products such as ammonia and uric acid - maintaining body temperature

Question 51

what do apocrine sweat glands release and where are they found

Answer 51

- release a thick milky secretion through ducts that empty into hair follicles - found in armpit and near genitals

Question 52

what are the 5 functions of the skin

Answer 52

- protection - temperature regulation - sense organ activity - excretion - synthesis of vitamin d

Question 53

what can any condition of the skin be called

Answer 53

dermatosis

Question 54

what is a lesion

Answer 54

any variation from the typical structure of the skin

Question 55

what is a papule

Answer 55

firm raised lesion

Question 56

what is a plaque

Answer 56

large raised lesion

Question 57

what is a vesicle

Answer 57

thin walled blister with fluid

Question 58

what is a pustule

Answer 58

elevated lesion filed with pus

Question 59

what is a crust

Answer 59

scab

Question 60

what is a wheal/hive

Answer 60

firm, raised area of irregular shape with a light center

Question 61

what is a macule

Answer 61

area distingushed from surrounding skin by color

Question 62

what is a patch

Answer 62

large macules

Question 63

what is a excoriation

Answer 63

area is which epidermis is missing and the dermis is exposed

Question 64

what is atrophy

Answer 64

when skin is depressed showing loss of tissue

Question 65

what is an ulcer

Answer 65

craterlike lesion caused by disintegration of skin

Question 66

what is a fissure

Answer 66

linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis

Question 67

what is one of the most frequent problems of skin

Answer 67

burns

Question 68

what 3 factors determine the severity of burns

Answer 68

- depth and number of tissues involved - total body surface affected - type of homeostatic mechanisms that are damaged/destroyed

Question 69

what is a parital thickness burn and whats another term for it

Answer 69

damages all or part of the epidermis, leaving at least part of the dermis intact - first degree burn or second degree burn

Question 70

what is a full thickness burn and whats another term for it

Answer 70

complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis - third degree burn

Question 71

whats a 4th degree burn

Answer 71

- a burn thar reaches muscle or bone

Question 72

when estimating body surface area when it comes to burns, describe the rule of nines

Answer 72

- divides the body into 11 areas of 9% each and then the genitals make up 1%

Question 73

what is impetigo

Answer 73

a highly contagious condition that results from staph or steph infection - results in discoloration of skin and crusts

Question 74

what is tinea

Answer 74

fungal infections of the skin such as ringworm and athletes foot

Question 75

what are warts

Answer 75

benign neoplams

Question 76

what are scabies

Answer 76

contagious skin condition caused by the itch mite

Question 77

whats another name for pressure sores

Answer 77

decubitus ulcers

Question 78

what is scleroderma

Answer 78

autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissues of the skin

Question 79

what is psoriasis

Answer 79

a chronic skin confition of scale like plaques