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Anamtomy & Physiology > Unit 1 - Chapter 1 - Intro to the body > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chapter 1 - Intro to the body Flashcards

1
Q

what is anatomy

A

the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts

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2
Q

what does the word anatomy mean when broken down

A

cutting apart

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3
Q

how do anatomists learn about the human body

A

by cutting the human body apart

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4
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

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5
Q

what do physiologists use

A

they use scientific experimentation to test out each part

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6
Q

what does disease result from

A

results from unusual variations of body structure or function that prevent the body from keeping us stable, alive and well

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7
Q

what is pathology

A

the study of disease

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8
Q

what is the scientific method

A

a systematic approach to discovery

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9
Q

what is a a hypothesis

A

a tentative explanation or resonable guess

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10
Q

what happens in experimentation

A

the hypothesis is tested

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11
Q

what are experimental controls used for

A

used to ensure that the test itseld is not effecting/altering results

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12
Q

whats in the scientific journal

A

posted results of experimentation to benefit other scientists

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13
Q

what happens if the results of scientific experimentation can be replicated by others

A
  • the hypothesis is accepted at true
  • it’s called a theory/law
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14
Q

what are cells

A

smallest living units of structure and function in our bodies

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15
Q

what are tissues

A
  • more complex then cells
  • an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
  • cells are held together by a gluelike structure
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16
Q

what are organs

A

nmjjjjjjjjjjjcial function

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17
Q

what are systems

A
  • most complex units of the body
  • organization of organs that perform complex functions for the body
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18
Q

what postions can the body be in if it is not in an anatomical position

A

supine - lying face up
prone - lying face down

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19
Q

what does bi-lateral refer to when it comes to direction

A

left and right

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20
Q

what are the 12 anatomical positions

A

superior/inferior
anterior/posterior
ventral/dorsal
medial/lateral
proximal/distal
superficial/distal

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21
Q

what does superior/inferior mean

A

superior - toward the head
inferior - toward the feet

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22
Q

what does anterior/posterior mean

A

anterior - front/in front of
posterior - back/in back of

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23
Q

what does ventral/dorsal mean

A

ventral - toward the belly
dorsal - toward the back

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24
Q

what does medial/lateral mean

A

medial - toward the midline of the body
lateral - toward the side of the body

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25
Q

what does proximal/distal mean

A

proximal - toward/nearest the trunk of the body
distal - away from/furthest from the trunk of the body

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26
Q

what does superficial/deep mean

A

superficial - nearer the surface
deep - farther away from the surface

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27
Q

what are the 3 planes of the body

A

sagittal plane
frontal plane (coronal)
transverse plane

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28
Q

expand on the frontal (coronal) plane

A
  • runs from anterior to posterior (side to side)
  • divides the body into superior and inferior
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29
Q

expand on the sagittal plane

A
  • runs from anterior to posterior
  • divides the body into left and ride
  • midsagittal plane cuts the body into 2 equal halves
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30
Q

expand on the transverse plane

A
  • runs crosswise/horizontal
  • divides the body into superior and inferior
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31
Q

what are the 2 categories of the body

A

dorsal and ventral

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32
Q

what 2 cavities is the dorsal cavity divided into and what does each one contain

A

-cranial cavity which contains the space inside the skull that contains the brain
- the spinal cavity which contains the space inside the spinal column

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33
Q

which 2 cavities is the ventral cavity divided into

A

upper ventral cavity and lower ventral cavity

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34
Q

expand on the upper ventral cavity

A
  • midportion is called the mediastinum
  • lateral subdivisions are called the right and left pleural cavities
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35
Q

expand on the lower ventral cavity

A
  • incudes the abdominopelvic cavity
  • contains the diaphragm
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36
Q

name the 4 quadrants of the abdominal region

A
  • right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  • left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  • left lower quadrant (LLQ)
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37
Q

name the 9 regions of the addominal regional

A
  • upper row is right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
  • middle row is right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
  • lower row is right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
38
Q

abdominal

A

anterior torso below diaphragm

39
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

40
Q

axiallary

A

armpit

41
Q

brachial

A

arm

42
Q

buccal

A

cheek

43
Q

carpal

A

wrist

44
Q

cephalic

A

head

45
Q

cervical

A

neck

46
Q

cranial

A

skull

47
Q

crural

A

leg

48
Q

cubital

A

elbow

49
Q

cutaneous

A

skin

50
Q

digital

A

fingers and toes

51
Q

dorsal

A

back

52
Q

facial

A

face

53
Q

femoral

A

thigh

54
Q

frontal

A

forehead

55
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

56
Q

inguinal

A

groin

57
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

58
Q

mammary

A

breast

59
Q

nasal

A

nose

60
Q

occiptal

A

back of lower skull

61
Q

olecranal

A

back of elbow

62
Q

oral

A

mouth

63
Q

orbital/opthalmic

A

eyes

64
Q

palmar

A

palm of hand

65
Q

pedal

A

foot

66
Q

pelvic

A

lower portion of torso

67
Q

perineal

A

portion between anus and rectum

68
Q

planter

A

sole of foot

69
Q

popliteal

A

area behind knee

70
Q

supraclavicular

A

area behind clavicle

71
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

72
Q

temporal

A

side of skull

73
Q

thoracic

A

chest

74
Q

umbillical

A

area around navel/umbilicus

75
Q

volar

A

palm/sole

76
Q

zygomatic

A

upper cheek

77
Q

what 2 regions can the body be divided into and explain whats in each region

A

axial - head, neck, torso, trunk
appendicular - upper/lowe extremities (limbs)

78
Q

what is atrophy

A

a degenerative process that results from disuse , but can be reversed with therapy

79
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the relative constancy of the internal environment

80
Q

what are variables in regards to homeostasis

A

internal body conditions as they are always changing

81
Q

what is a feedback loop

A

a highly complex integrated communication control system such as the body

82
Q

what is a sensor used for in a feedback loop

A

to detect changes

83
Q

what happens in the control center of a feeback loop

A

info from the sensor is feed there

84
Q

what does the set point do in a feedback loop

A

it’s what the control center compares the infro from the sensor to

85
Q

what does the effector do in a feedback loop

A

it effects the regulated variable

86
Q

what happens in the response pathway of a feedback loop

A

its where the information flows throughw

87
Q

what is a stimulus in regards to a feedback loop

A

its a trigger

88
Q

what is a response in regards to a feedback loop

A

its the resulting physiological change

89
Q

what is a negative feedback loop

A

it opposes, negates a change in a controlled condition

90
Q

what is a positive feedback loop

A

it temporarily amplifies or reinforces the change that is occuring

91
Q

what are developmental processes

A
  • they occur during the early years
  • they improve the efficiency of functions
92
Q

what are aging processes

A
  • they occur after young adulthood
  • they diminsh the efficiency of body functions

Anamtomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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