Unit 1 - Chapter 1 - Intro to the body

Question 1

what is anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts

Question 2

what does the word anatomy mean when broken down

Answer 2

cutting apart

Question 3

how do anatomists learn about the human body

Answer 3

by cutting the human body apart

Question 4

what is physiology

Answer 4

the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

Question 5

what do physiologists use

Answer 5

they use scientific experimentation to test out each part

Question 6

what does disease result from

Answer 6

results from unusual variations of body structure or function that prevent the body from keeping us stable, alive and well

Question 7

what is pathology

Answer 7

the study of disease

Question 8

what is the scientific method

Answer 8

a systematic approach to discovery

Question 9

what is a a hypothesis

Answer 9

a tentative explanation or resonable guess

Question 10

what happens in experimentation

Answer 10

the hypothesis is tested

Question 11

what are experimental controls used for

Answer 11

used to ensure that the test itseld is not effecting/altering results

Question 12

whats in the scientific journal

Answer 12

posted results of experimentation to benefit other scientists

Question 13

what happens if the results of scientific experimentation can be replicated by others

Answer 13

• the hypothesis is accepted at true
• it’s called a theory/law

Question 14

what are cells

Answer 14

smallest living units of structure and function in our bodies

Question 15

what are tissues

Answer 15

• more complex then cells
• an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
• cells are held together by a gluelike structure

Question 16

what are organs

Answer 16

nmjjjjjjjjjjjcial function

Question 17

what are systems

Answer 17

• most complex units of the body
• organization of organs that perform complex functions for the body

Question 18

what postions can the body be in if it is not in an anatomical position

Answer 18

supine - lying face up
prone - lying face down

Question 19

what does bi-lateral refer to when it comes to direction

Answer 19

left and right

Question 20

what are the 12 anatomical positions

Answer 20

superior/inferior
anterior/posterior
ventral/dorsal
medial/lateral
proximal/distal
superficial/distal

Question 21

what does superior/inferior mean

Answer 21

superior - toward the head
inferior - toward the feet

Question 22

what does anterior/posterior mean

Answer 22

anterior - front/in front of
posterior - back/in back of

Question 23

what does ventral/dorsal mean

Answer 23

ventral - toward the belly
dorsal - toward the back

Question 24

what does medial/lateral mean

Answer 24

medial - toward the midline of the body
lateral - toward the side of the body

Question 25

what does proximal/distal mean

Answer 25

proximal - toward/nearest the trunk of the body distal - away from/furthest from the trunk of the body

Question 26

what does superficial/deep mean

Answer 26

superficial - nearer the surface deep - farther away from the surface

Question 27

what are the 3 planes of the body

Answer 27

sagittal plane frontal plane (coronal) transverse plane

Question 28

expand on the frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 28

- runs from anterior to posterior (side to side) - divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 29

expand on the sagittal plane

Answer 29

- runs from anterior to posterior - divides the body into left and ride - midsagittal plane cuts the body into 2 equal halves

Question 30

expand on the transverse plane

Answer 30

- runs crosswise/horizontal - divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 31

what are the 2 categories of the body

Answer 31

dorsal and ventral

Question 32

what 2 cavities is the dorsal cavity divided into and what does each one contain

Answer 32

-cranial cavity which contains the space inside the skull that contains the brain - the spinal cavity which contains the space inside the spinal column

Question 33

which 2 cavities is the ventral cavity divided into

Answer 33

upper ventral cavity and lower ventral cavity

Question 34

expand on the upper ventral cavity

Answer 34

- midportion is called the mediastinum - lateral subdivisions are called the right and left pleural cavities

Question 35

expand on the lower ventral cavity

Answer 35

- incudes the abdominopelvic cavity - contains the diaphragm

Question 36

name the 4 quadrants of the abdominal region

Answer 36

- right upper quadrant (RUQ) - left upper quadrant (LUQ) - right lower quadrant (RLQ) - left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 37

name the 9 regions of the addominal regional

Answer 37

- upper row is right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac - middle row is right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar - lower row is right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Question 38

abdominal

Answer 38

anterior torso below diaphragm

Question 39

antebrachial

Answer 39

forearm

Question 40

axiallary

Answer 40

armpit

Question 41

brachial

Answer 41

arm

Question 42

buccal

Answer 42

cheek

Question 43

carpal

Answer 43

wrist

Question 44

cephalic

Answer 44

head

Question 45

cervical

Answer 45

neck

Question 46

cranial

Answer 46

skull

Question 47

crural

Answer 47

leg

Question 48

cubital

Answer 48

elbow

Question 49

cutaneous

Answer 49

skin

Question 50

digital

Answer 50

fingers and toes

Question 51

dorsal

Answer 51

back

Question 52

facial

Answer 52

face

Question 53

femoral

Answer 53

thigh

Question 54

frontal

Answer 54

forehead

Question 55

gluteal

Answer 55

buttock

Question 56

inguinal

Answer 56

groin

Question 57

lumbar

Answer 57

lower back

Question 58

mammary

Answer 58

breast

Question 59

nasal

Answer 59

nose

Question 60

occiptal

Answer 60

back of lower skull

Question 61

olecranal

Answer 61

back of elbow

Question 62

oral

Answer 62

mouth

Question 63

orbital/opthalmic

Answer 63

eyes

Question 64

palmar

Answer 64

palm of hand

Question 65

pedal

Answer 65

foot

Question 66

pelvic

Answer 66

lower portion of torso

Question 67

perineal

Answer 67

portion between anus and rectum

Question 68

planter

Answer 68

sole of foot

Question 69

popliteal

Answer 69

area behind knee

Question 70

supraclavicular

Answer 70

area behind clavicle

Question 71

tarsal

Answer 71

ankle

Question 72

temporal

Answer 72

side of skull

Question 73

thoracic

Answer 73

chest

Question 74

umbillical

Answer 74

area around navel/umbilicus

Question 75

volar

Answer 75

palm/sole

Question 76

zygomatic

Answer 76

upper cheek

Question 77

what 2 regions can the body be divided into and explain whats in each region

Answer 77

axial - head, neck, torso, trunk appendicular - upper/lowe extremities (limbs)

Question 78

what is atrophy

Answer 78

a degenerative process that results from disuse , but can be reversed with therapy

Question 79

what is homeostasis

Answer 79

the relative constancy of the internal environment

Question 80

what are variables in regards to homeostasis

Answer 80

internal body conditions as they are always changing

Question 81

what is a feedback loop

Answer 81

a highly complex integrated communication control system such as the body

Question 82

what is a sensor used for in a feedback loop

Answer 82

to detect changes

Question 83

what happens in the control center of a feeback loop

Answer 83

info from the sensor is feed there

Question 84

what does the set point do in a feedback loop

Answer 84

it's what the control center compares the infro from the sensor to

Question 85

what does the effector do in a feedback loop

Answer 85

it effects the regulated variable

Question 86

what happens in the response pathway of a feedback loop

Answer 86

its where the information flows throughw

Question 87

what is a stimulus in regards to a feedback loop

Answer 87

its a trigger

Question 88

what is a response in regards to a feedback loop

Answer 88

its the resulting physiological change

Question 89

what is a negative feedback loop

Answer 89

it opposes, negates a change in a controlled condition

Question 90

what is a positive feedback loop

Answer 90

it temporarily amplifies or reinforces the change that is occuring

Question 91

what are developmental processes

Answer 91

- they occur during the early years - they improve the efficiency of functions

Question 92

what are aging processes

Answer 92

- they occur after young adulthood - they diminsh the efficiency of body functions