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Anamtomy & Physiology > Unit 1 - Chapter 5 - Organ Systems > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chapter 5 - Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are organs

A

structure made of 2 plus kings of tissues that perform a complex function

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2
Q

what is a system

A

grou of 1 plus organ that together perform a complex function

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3
Q

what is included in the integumentary system

A

the skin and a layer of connective tissue

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4
Q

what are some fun facts about the skin

A
  • weights 20 plus pounds
  • is 16% of your weight
  • the heaviest organ
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5
Q

what does the integumentary system have millions of and what are they

A
  • appendages and glands
  • structures attached to a main part
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6
Q

what does the skin have and provide expamples of what it does

A
  • skin receptors
  • responds to pain, pressure, touch, temp, vibration, texture
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7
Q

what is the primary function of the integumentary system

A
  • protection and temp regulation
  • synthesizing chemicals such as vitamin d
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8
Q

what is a part of the skeletal system

A
  • bones
  • cartillage
  • ligaments
  • joints
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9
Q

how many bones does the body have

A

206

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10
Q

what is cartilage

A

cushions bones that are linked together and acts as the connection from bone to bone

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11
Q

what are ligaments

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue that helps hold bones together

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12
Q

what are jounts

A

connections between 2 bonesw

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13
Q

what do bones do

A

store minerals such as calcium and phosphourus

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14
Q

what is the main function of the skeletal system

A
  • formation of red blood cells in the red marrow of certain bones
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15
Q

what organ is the muscular system made of and what do they do

A
  • skeletal muscles
  • tissue contracts when stimulates by nerve regulation
  • they maintain stability of posture
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16
Q

what else does the musclar system contain and what is it

A
  • tendons
  • dense strap/sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
  • attached muscle to bone
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17
Q

what 2 types of involuntary muscles make up the muscles of other systems

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
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18
Q

where is smooth muscle found and what is its function

A
  • found in walls of hollow organs (stomach, small intestine)
  • function if to more fluids
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19
Q

where is cardiac muscle found and what is its function

A
  • found in the wall of the heart
  • function if to contract to pump blood and to generate heart rhthym
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20
Q

what makes up the nervous system

A

spinal cord, brain and nerves

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21
Q

what makes up the central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

what makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

cranial/spinal nerves and their branches

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23
Q

what are the 4 primary functions of the nervous system

A
  • communication between organs
  • integration of body functions
  • control of body functions
  • recognition of sensory stimuli
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24
Q

what composes the endocrine system

A

glands that secrete hormones

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25
Q

what are the 3 functions of the endocrine system

A

perform communication, integration and control

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26
Q

what do hormones regulate

A

gorwth, metabolism, reproduction, acid/base/fluis/electrolyte balance

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27
Q

what endocrine structures are found in the skull

A

pituitary glans
pineal gland
hypothalamus

28
Q

what endocrine structures are found in the neck

A

thyroid gland
parathyroid gland

29
Q

what endocrine structure is found in the throacic cavity (mediastinum)

A

thymus gland

30
Q

what endocrine structures are found in the abdominal cavity

A

adrenal glands
pancreas

31
Q

what makes up the cardiovascular system

A

heart and closes system of vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

32
Q

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones
  • regulates body temp and immunity
33
Q

what does blood transport

A

waste released into the bloodstream produced by cells to the excretory cells

34
Q

what makes up the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland and spleen

35
Q

expand on lympahtic vesels

A
  • filled with lymph which is a watery fluid containing lympocytes, proteins and fatty molecules
  • contains no red blood cells
  • formed from the fluid around the body cells that diffuse into the lymph vessels
  • does not circulate though a close circute/ loop/vessels
36
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • moving intestinal fluid/small particles back into blood vessels
  • transporting fats absorbed from the digestive tract to the blood
  • immunity (filtering/trapping bacteria)
37
Q

what us the immune system composed of

A

phagocytes (protective cells)

38
Q

what is the function of the immune system

A

to protect us from disease causing microorganisms, harmful toxins, transplanted tissue cells, cancerous cells

39
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

process where bacteria is attacked, engulfed and destroyed

40
Q

what are antibodies/complements and what do they do

A
  • protein compounds
  • produce chemical reactions to protect the body
41
Q

what organs are in the respiratory system

A

nose
throat (pharynx)
voice box (larynx)
windpipe (trachea)
bronchi
lungs

42
Q

what happens in the alveoli

A
  • oxygen from the air is exchanges for unneeded co2
  • co2 is carried to the lungs by the blood to eliminated
43
Q

what are the 4 functions of the repiratory system

A
  • movement of air into alveoli
  • if you live in a cold/dry environment., air is warmed/humidified
  • pollen/dust is trapped by mucus
  • regulating acid/base balance
44
Q

what are the primary organs of the digestive systems

A

mouth
esophagus
small intestine
rectum
pharynx (throat)
stomach
large intestine
anal canal

45
Q

what are the secondary organs of the digestive systems

A

teeth
tongye
gallbladder
appendix
salivary galnds
liver
pancreas

46
Q

what is another term used for the digestive tract

A

alimentary canal

47
Q

what are the 3 functions of the digestive tract

A
  • food is digested
  • nutrients are absorbed
  • undigested residue is eliminated as feces
48
Q

what are the organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

49
Q

what do the kidneys do

A
  • filter out the blood of waste product that are continuosly produced by the metabolism of nutrients in the body cells
  • maintain the acid/base/fluid/electrolyte balance
50
Q

what is urine and how does it flow through the body

A
  • waste product produced by the kidneys
  • flows from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder and out the urethra
51
Q

what are gonads

A

they produce sex hormones necessary for producing offspring/regulation of reproductive functions

52
Q

what are the 3 functions of the testes

A
  • produce sex cells
  • serve as the gonads
  • produce sperm and testosterone
53
Q

explain where the vas deferens and prostate are located

A
  • vas deferens exends from each testis and leads to the urethra
  • prostast surrounds the upper urethra
54
Q

what is the external genetalia in males

A

penis and scrotum

55
Q

where does sperm travel through before exiting and what does it add

A
  • vas deferens
  • adds fluids and nutrients
56
Q

what are the female gonads

A

ovaries

57
Q

whar organs are part of the female reproductive system

A

uterus
fallopian tubes
vagina

58
Q

what is the external genetalia in females

A

vulva

59
Q

explain how eggs travel and fertilization

A

– eggs travel through the falopian tubers
- if fertilization happens the offspring moves down to the uterus where it implants in the uterine walls and forms a connection with the moms blood vessels

60
Q

what are the 4 functions of the female reproductive system

A
  • produce the eggs
  • receive the sperm
  • permit fertilizations and transfer to uterus
  • facilitate development, birth, nourishment of offspring
61
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the relative constancy of the internal environent

62
Q

how can homeostasis be maintained

A

by the coordinated and carefully regulated functioning of all body organ systems

63
Q

expand on nonvital organs in terms of organ replacement

A

if damaged or loss of organ occurs that persons health will be effected but they will not die

64
Q

expand on vital organs in terms of organ replacement

A

and damage or loss of organ mans danger of immediate death

65
Q

expand on the replacement of a nonvital organ

A
  • often replaced by prostehtics which is any device used to replace a body part of improve its function
  • computer assisted arm or ai organ or cochlear implants
66
Q

expand on the replacement of a vital organ

A
  • use of transplanted animal/human tissues or mechanical devices
  • pupose is to fully of partially replace them or augment their function
  • dialysis machine or lab grown heart
67
Q

what do immunosuppresive drugs do

A

help prevent your body from rejecting a organ

Anamtomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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