Unit 1 - Chapter 5 - Organ Systems Flashcards
1
Q
what are organs
A
structure made of 2 plus kings of tissues that perform a complex function
2
Q
what is a system
A
grou of 1 plus organ that together perform a complex function
3
Q
what is included in the integumentary system
A
the skin and a layer of connective tissue
4
Q
what are some fun facts about the skin
A
- weights 20 plus pounds
- is 16% of your weight
- the heaviest organ
5
Q
what does the integumentary system have millions of and what are they
A
- appendages and glands
- structures attached to a main part
6
Q
what does the skin have and provide expamples of what it does
A
- skin receptors
- responds to pain, pressure, touch, temp, vibration, texture
7
Q
what is the primary function of the integumentary system
A
- protection and temp regulation
- synthesizing chemicals such as vitamin d
8
Q
what is a part of the skeletal system
A
- bones
- cartillage
- ligaments
- joints
9
Q
how many bones does the body have
A
206
10
Q
what is cartilage
A
cushions bones that are linked together and acts as the connection from bone to bone
11
Q
what are ligaments
A
bands of fibrous connective tissue that helps hold bones together
12
Q
what are jounts
A
connections between 2 bonesw
13
Q
what do bones do
A
store minerals such as calcium and phosphourus
14
Q
what is the main function of the skeletal system
A
- formation of red blood cells in the red marrow of certain bones
15
Q
what organ is the muscular system made of and what do they do
A
- skeletal muscles
- tissue contracts when stimulates by nerve regulation
- they maintain stability of posture
16
Q
what else does the musclar system contain and what is it
A
- tendons
- dense strap/sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
- attached muscle to bone
17
Q
what 2 types of involuntary muscles make up the muscles of other systems
A
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
18
Q
where is smooth muscle found and what is its function
A
- found in walls of hollow organs (stomach, small intestine)
- function if to more fluids
19
Q
where is cardiac muscle found and what is its function
A
- found in the wall of the heart
- function if to contract to pump blood and to generate heart rhthym
20
Q
what makes up the nervous system
A
spinal cord, brain and nerves
21
Q
what makes up the central nervous system
A
brain and spinal cord
22
Q
what makes up the peripheral nervous system
A
cranial/spinal nerves and their branches
23
Q
what are the 4 primary functions of the nervous system
A
- communication between organs
- integration of body functions
- control of body functions
- recognition of sensory stimuli
24
Q
what composes the endocrine system
A
glands that secrete hormones
25
what are the 3 functions of the endocrine system
perform communication, integration and control
26
what do hormones regulate
gorwth, metabolism, reproduction, acid/base/fluis/electrolyte balance
27
what endocrine structures are found in the skull
pituitary glans
pineal gland
hypothalamus
28
what endocrine structures are found in the neck
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
29
what endocrine structure is found in the throacic cavity (mediastinum)
thymus gland
30
what endocrine structures are found in the abdominal cavity
adrenal glands
pancreas
31
what makes up the cardiovascular system
heart and closes system of vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
32
what are the functions of the cardiovascular system
- transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones
- regulates body temp and immunity
33
what does blood transport
waste released into the bloodstream produced by cells to the excretory cells
34
what makes up the lymphatic system
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland and spleen
35
expand on lympahtic vesels
- filled with lymph which is a watery fluid containing lympocytes, proteins and fatty molecules
- contains no red blood cells
- formed from the fluid around the body cells that diffuse into the lymph vessels
- does not circulate though a close circute/ loop/vessels
36
what are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system
- moving intestinal fluid/small particles back into blood vessels
- transporting fats absorbed from the digestive tract to the blood
- immunity (filtering/trapping bacteria)
37
what us the immune system composed of
phagocytes (protective cells)
38
what is the function of the immune system
to protect us from disease causing microorganisms, harmful toxins, transplanted tissue cells, cancerous cells
39
what is phagocytosis
process where bacteria is attacked, engulfed and destroyed
40
what are antibodies/complements and what do they do
- protein compounds
- produce chemical reactions to protect the body
41
what organs are in the respiratory system
nose
throat (pharynx)
voice box (larynx)
windpipe (trachea)
bronchi
lungs
42
what happens in the alveoli
- oxygen from the air is exchanges for unneeded co2
- co2 is carried to the lungs by the blood to eliminated
43
what are the 4 functions of the repiratory system
- movement of air into alveoli
- if you live in a cold/dry environment., air is warmed/humidified
- pollen/dust is trapped by mucus
- regulating acid/base balance
44
what are the primary organs of the digestive systems
mouth
esophagus
small intestine
rectum
pharynx (throat)
stomach
large intestine
anal canal
45
what are the secondary organs of the digestive systems
teeth
tongye
gallbladder
appendix
salivary galnds
liver
pancreas
46
what is another term used for the digestive tract
alimentary canal
47
what are the 3 functions of the digestive tract
- food is digested
- nutrients are absorbed
- undigested residue is eliminated as feces
48
what are the organs of the urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
49
what do the kidneys do
- filter out the blood of waste product that are continuosly produced by the metabolism of nutrients in the body cells
- maintain the acid/base/fluid/electrolyte balance
50
what is urine and how does it flow through the body
- waste product produced by the kidneys
- flows from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder and out the urethra
51
what are gonads
they produce sex hormones necessary for producing offspring/regulation of reproductive functions
52
what are the 3 functions of the testes
- produce sex cells
- serve as the gonads
- produce sperm and testosterone
53
explain where the vas deferens and prostate are located
- vas deferens exends from each testis and leads to the urethra
- prostast surrounds the upper urethra
54
what is the external genetalia in males
penis and scrotum
55
where does sperm travel through before exiting and what does it add
- vas deferens
- adds fluids and nutrients
56
what are the female gonads
ovaries
57
whar organs are part of the female reproductive system
uterus
fallopian tubes
vagina
58
what is the external genetalia in females
vulva
59
explain how eggs travel and fertilization
-- eggs travel through the falopian tubers
- if fertilization happens the offspring moves down to the uterus where it implants in the uterine walls and forms a connection with the moms blood vessels
60
what are the 4 functions of the female reproductive system
- produce the eggs
- receive the sperm
- permit fertilizations and transfer to uterus
- facilitate development, birth, nourishment of offspring
61
what is homeostasis
the relative constancy of the internal environent
62
how can homeostasis be maintained
by the coordinated and carefully regulated functioning of all body organ systems
63
expand on nonvital organs in terms of organ replacement
if damaged or loss of organ occurs that persons health will be effected but they will not die
64
expand on vital organs in terms of organ replacement
and damage or loss of organ mans danger of immediate death
65
expand on the replacement of a nonvital organ
- often replaced by prostehtics which is any device used to replace a body part of improve its function
- computer assisted arm or ai organ or cochlear implants
66
expand on the replacement of a vital organ
- use of transplanted animal/human tissues or mechanical devices
- pupose is to fully of partially replace them or augment their function
- dialysis machine or lab grown heart
67
what do immunosuppresive drugs do
help prevent your body from rejecting a organ
